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Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules

The endothelium is an additional cell layer, differentiating from the inner epidermis of the ovule integument. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), after fertilization, the endothelium separates from integument and becomes an independent tissue developing next to the growing embryo sac. In the absen...

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Autores principales: Chaban, Inna, Baranova, Ekaterina, Kononenko, Neonila, Khaliluev, Marat, Smirnova, Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861391
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010012
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author Chaban, Inna
Baranova, Ekaterina
Kononenko, Neonila
Khaliluev, Marat
Smirnova, Elena
author_facet Chaban, Inna
Baranova, Ekaterina
Kononenko, Neonila
Khaliluev, Marat
Smirnova, Elena
author_sort Chaban, Inna
collection PubMed
description The endothelium is an additional cell layer, differentiating from the inner epidermis of the ovule integument. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), after fertilization, the endothelium separates from integument and becomes an independent tissue developing next to the growing embryo sac. In the absence of fertilization, the endothelium may proliferate and form pseudo-embryo. However, the course of the reorganization of endothelium into pseudo-embryo in tomato ovules is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate specific features of endothelium differentiation and the role of the endothelium in the development of fertilized and unfertilized tomato ovules. The ovules of tomato plants (“YaLF” line), produced by vegetative growth plants of transgenic tomato line expressing the ac gene, encoding chitin-binding protein from Amaranthus caudatus L., were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that in the fertilized ovule of normally developing fruit and in the unfertilized ovule of parthenocarpic fruit, separation of the endothelium from integument occurs via programmed death of cells of the integumental parenchyma, adjacent to the endothelium. Endothelial cells in normally developing ovules change their structural and functional specialization from meristematic to secretory and back to meristematic, and proliferate until seeds fully mature. The secretory activity of the endothelium is necessary for the lysis of dying cells of the integument and provides the space for the growth of the new sporophyte. However, in ovules of parthenocarpic fruits, pseudo-embryo cells do not change their structural and functional organization and remain meristematic, no zone of lysis is formed, and pseudo-embryo cells undergo programmed cell death. Our data shows the key role of the endothelium as a protective and secretory tissue, needed for the normal development of ovules.
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spelling pubmed-69822382020-02-07 Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules Chaban, Inna Baranova, Ekaterina Kononenko, Neonila Khaliluev, Marat Smirnova, Elena Int J Mol Sci Article The endothelium is an additional cell layer, differentiating from the inner epidermis of the ovule integument. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), after fertilization, the endothelium separates from integument and becomes an independent tissue developing next to the growing embryo sac. In the absence of fertilization, the endothelium may proliferate and form pseudo-embryo. However, the course of the reorganization of endothelium into pseudo-embryo in tomato ovules is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate specific features of endothelium differentiation and the role of the endothelium in the development of fertilized and unfertilized tomato ovules. The ovules of tomato plants (“YaLF” line), produced by vegetative growth plants of transgenic tomato line expressing the ac gene, encoding chitin-binding protein from Amaranthus caudatus L., were investigated using light and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that in the fertilized ovule of normally developing fruit and in the unfertilized ovule of parthenocarpic fruit, separation of the endothelium from integument occurs via programmed death of cells of the integumental parenchyma, adjacent to the endothelium. Endothelial cells in normally developing ovules change their structural and functional specialization from meristematic to secretory and back to meristematic, and proliferate until seeds fully mature. The secretory activity of the endothelium is necessary for the lysis of dying cells of the integument and provides the space for the growth of the new sporophyte. However, in ovules of parthenocarpic fruits, pseudo-embryo cells do not change their structural and functional organization and remain meristematic, no zone of lysis is formed, and pseudo-embryo cells undergo programmed cell death. Our data shows the key role of the endothelium as a protective and secretory tissue, needed for the normal development of ovules. MDPI 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6982238/ /pubmed/31861391 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010012 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chaban, Inna
Baranova, Ekaterina
Kononenko, Neonila
Khaliluev, Marat
Smirnova, Elena
Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title_full Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title_fullStr Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title_full_unstemmed Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title_short Distinct Differentiation Characteristics of Endothelium Determine Its Ability to Form Pseudo-Embryos in Tomato Ovules
title_sort distinct differentiation characteristics of endothelium determine its ability to form pseudo-embryos in tomato ovules
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982238/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861391
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010012
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