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Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers

Background: The American family structure has changed in the past few decades due to a rise in the divorce rate and unmarried women with children. Research suggests a salary disparity between men and women, especially for those women after pregnancy. However, these studies were confined to individua...

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Autores principales: Lu, Yuan-Chiao, Walker, Regine, Richard, Patrick, Younis, Mustafa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31878126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010135
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author Lu, Yuan-Chiao
Walker, Regine
Richard, Patrick
Younis, Mustafa
author_facet Lu, Yuan-Chiao
Walker, Regine
Richard, Patrick
Younis, Mustafa
author_sort Lu, Yuan-Chiao
collection PubMed
description Background: The American family structure has changed in the past few decades due to a rise in the divorce rate and unmarried women with children. Research suggests a salary disparity between men and women, especially for those women after pregnancy. However, these studies were confined to individuals within traditional families, and there is a lack of information of income disparity and poverty status between single mothers and fathers. The current study explored the disparities in single-parent families based on the household income and the poverty status using a set of nationwide censor data. Methods: The current study used data from the 2011 and 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 1135). Multivariate regression models were used in the analysis. Results: The demographic characteristics of the weighted population showed that taxable income, total income, and poverty status were higher for single fathers than mothers, while non-work income was higher for single mothers than fathers. Single mothers were much more likely to be at the crisis category than single fathers. Multivariate analyses showed that gender, age, marital status, years of experience, and geographic region had effects on taxable income, and only gender, marital status, and region had effects on poverty status. Conclusions: The results suggest that vulnerable group of single mothers was acknowledged according to income and poverty status. Age, marital status, years of experience, and region would be the critical factors for predicting the income and poverty status for single parenthood.
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spelling pubmed-69822822020-02-07 Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers Lu, Yuan-Chiao Walker, Regine Richard, Patrick Younis, Mustafa Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: The American family structure has changed in the past few decades due to a rise in the divorce rate and unmarried women with children. Research suggests a salary disparity between men and women, especially for those women after pregnancy. However, these studies were confined to individuals within traditional families, and there is a lack of information of income disparity and poverty status between single mothers and fathers. The current study explored the disparities in single-parent families based on the household income and the poverty status using a set of nationwide censor data. Methods: The current study used data from the 2011 and 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (N = 1135). Multivariate regression models were used in the analysis. Results: The demographic characteristics of the weighted population showed that taxable income, total income, and poverty status were higher for single fathers than mothers, while non-work income was higher for single mothers than fathers. Single mothers were much more likely to be at the crisis category than single fathers. Multivariate analyses showed that gender, age, marital status, years of experience, and geographic region had effects on taxable income, and only gender, marital status, and region had effects on poverty status. Conclusions: The results suggest that vulnerable group of single mothers was acknowledged according to income and poverty status. Age, marital status, years of experience, and region would be the critical factors for predicting the income and poverty status for single parenthood. MDPI 2019-12-24 2020-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6982282/ /pubmed/31878126 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010135 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lu, Yuan-Chiao
Walker, Regine
Richard, Patrick
Younis, Mustafa
Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title_full Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title_fullStr Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title_full_unstemmed Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title_short Inequalities in Poverty and Income between Single Mothers and Fathers
title_sort inequalities in poverty and income between single mothers and fathers
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982282/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31878126
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010135
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