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Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of compressible soft robotic sensors (C-SRS) in determining plantar pressure to infer vertical and shear forces in wearable technology: A ground reaction pressure sock (GRPS). To assess pressure relationships between C-SRS, pressure cells on a BodiTr...

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Autores principales: Luczak, Tony, Burch V, Reuben F., Smith, Brian K., Carruth, Daniel W., Lamberth, John, Chander, Harish, Knight, Adam, Ball, J.E., Prabhu, R.K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31905941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010208
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author Luczak, Tony
Burch V, Reuben F.
Smith, Brian K.
Carruth, Daniel W.
Lamberth, John
Chander, Harish
Knight, Adam
Ball, J.E.
Prabhu, R.K.
author_facet Luczak, Tony
Burch V, Reuben F.
Smith, Brian K.
Carruth, Daniel W.
Lamberth, John
Chander, Harish
Knight, Adam
Ball, J.E.
Prabhu, R.K.
author_sort Luczak, Tony
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of compressible soft robotic sensors (C-SRS) in determining plantar pressure to infer vertical and shear forces in wearable technology: A ground reaction pressure sock (GRPS). To assess pressure relationships between C-SRS, pressure cells on a BodiTrak(TM) Vector Plate, and Kistler(TM) Force Plates, thirteen volunteers performed three repetitions of three different movements: squats, shifting center-of-pressure right to left foot, and shifting toes to heels with C-SRS in both anterior–posterior (A/P) and medial–lateral (M/L) sensor orientations. Pearson correlation coefficient of C-SRS to BodiTrak(TM) Vector Plate resulted in an average R-value greater than 0.70 in 618/780 (79%) of sensor to cell comparisons. An average R-value greater than 0.90 was seen in C-SRS comparison to Kistler(TM) Force Plates during shifting right to left. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was conducted to identify and estimate future C-SRS data. No significant differences were seen in sensor orientation. Sensors in the A/P orientation reported a mean R(2) value of 0.952 and 0.945 in the M/L sensor orientation, reducing the effectiveness to infer shear forces. Given the high R values, the use of C-SRSs to infer normal pressures appears to make the development of the GRPS feasible.
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spelling pubmed-69827052020-02-28 Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors Luczak, Tony Burch V, Reuben F. Smith, Brian K. Carruth, Daniel W. Lamberth, John Chander, Harish Knight, Adam Ball, J.E. Prabhu, R.K. Sensors (Basel) Article The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of compressible soft robotic sensors (C-SRS) in determining plantar pressure to infer vertical and shear forces in wearable technology: A ground reaction pressure sock (GRPS). To assess pressure relationships between C-SRS, pressure cells on a BodiTrak(TM) Vector Plate, and Kistler(TM) Force Plates, thirteen volunteers performed three repetitions of three different movements: squats, shifting center-of-pressure right to left foot, and shifting toes to heels with C-SRS in both anterior–posterior (A/P) and medial–lateral (M/L) sensor orientations. Pearson correlation coefficient of C-SRS to BodiTrak(TM) Vector Plate resulted in an average R-value greater than 0.70 in 618/780 (79%) of sensor to cell comparisons. An average R-value greater than 0.90 was seen in C-SRS comparison to Kistler(TM) Force Plates during shifting right to left. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was conducted to identify and estimate future C-SRS data. No significant differences were seen in sensor orientation. Sensors in the A/P orientation reported a mean R(2) value of 0.952 and 0.945 in the M/L sensor orientation, reducing the effectiveness to infer shear forces. Given the high R values, the use of C-SRSs to infer normal pressures appears to make the development of the GRPS feasible. MDPI 2019-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6982705/ /pubmed/31905941 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010208 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Luczak, Tony
Burch V, Reuben F.
Smith, Brian K.
Carruth, Daniel W.
Lamberth, John
Chander, Harish
Knight, Adam
Ball, J.E.
Prabhu, R.K.
Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title_full Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title_fullStr Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title_full_unstemmed Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title_short Closing the Wearable Gap—Part V: Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Sock Utilizing Soft Sensors
title_sort closing the wearable gap—part v: development of a pressure-sensitive sock utilizing soft sensors
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982705/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31905941
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010208
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