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A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study
This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6983010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010018 |
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author | Chamran, Mohammad Kazem Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin Noor, Rafidah M. D. Wong, Richard |
author_facet | Chamran, Mohammad Kazem Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin Noor, Rafidah M. D. Wong, Richard |
author_sort | Chamran, Mohammad Kazem |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6983010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69830102020-02-06 A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study Chamran, Mohammad Kazem Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin Noor, Rafidah M. D. Wong, Richard Sensors (Basel) Article This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network. MDPI 2019-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC6983010/ /pubmed/31861500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010018 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Chamran, Mohammad Kazem Yau, Kok-Lim Alvin Noor, Rafidah M. D. Wong, Richard A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title | A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title_full | A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title_fullStr | A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title_full_unstemmed | A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title_short | A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study |
title_sort | distributed testbed for 5g scenarios: an experimental study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6983010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010018 |
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