Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase and Integron Gene Carriage in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Species Isolated from Outpatients in Yazd, Iran

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella species (Klebsiella spp.) is of major concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance, production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and carbapenemases, as well as the presence of classes 1, 2, and 3 integrons in outpatient isolates of Klebsiella collected from Yazd central laboratory, Yazd, Iran METHODS: We collected 250 Klebsiella isolates from Yazd central laboratory between August 2015 and October 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined against 18 antibiotics by disc diffusion, and multidrug-resistant isolates were tested for ESBL production by the phenotypic confirmatory test according to CLSI 2017 protocols. The amplification of β-lactamase genes bla(SHV), bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), bla(OXA-48), bla(KPC), and bla(NDM), classes 1, 2, and 3 integrase genes, was carried out using specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) RESULTS: Of the 250 Klebsiella outpatient isolates, 3.6% were K. oxytoca and the rest were K. pneumoniae. Disc diffusion showed that 21 (8.4%) isolates were MDR, 19 (90.4%) of which were ESBL producers including one K. oxytoca. The most prevalent β-lactamase gene was bla(SHV) followed by bla(TEM) and bla(CTX-M), but bla(OXA-48), bla(KPC), and bla(NDM) were not detected. Class 1 integron was detected in 18 out of 21 MDR isolates (85.7%), but classes 2 and 3 were not observed. Two isolates were resistant to carbapenems and harbored bla(SHV), bla(TEM), and bla(CTX-M), as well as class 1 integron. CONCLUSION: ESBL production and the presence of multiple β-lactamase genes in MDR community isolates of Klebsiella spp. can have significant implications in terms of the spread of these opportunistic pathogens.