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New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa
A spermatozoon is a male germ cell capable of fertilizing an oocyte and carries genetic information for determining the sex of the offspring. It comprises autosomes and an X (X spermatozoa) or a Y chromosome (Y spermatozoa). The origin and maturation of both X and Y spermatozoa are the same, however...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6985208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32039204 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00388 |
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author | Rahman, Md Saidur Pang, Myung-Geol |
author_facet | Rahman, Md Saidur Pang, Myung-Geol |
author_sort | Rahman, Md Saidur |
collection | PubMed |
description | A spermatozoon is a male germ cell capable of fertilizing an oocyte and carries genetic information for determining the sex of the offspring. It comprises autosomes and an X (X spermatozoa) or a Y chromosome (Y spermatozoa). The origin and maturation of both X and Y spermatozoa are the same, however, certain differences may exist. Previous studies proposed a substantial difference between X and Y spermatozoa, however, recent studies suggest negligible or no differences between these spermatozoa with respect to ratio, shape and size, motility and swimming pattern, strength, electric charge, pH, stress response, and aneuploidy. The only difference between X and Y spermatozoa lies in their DNA content. Moreover, recent proteomic and genomic studies have identified a set of proteins and genes that are differentially expressed between X and Y spermatozoa. Therefore, the difference in DNA content might be responsible for the differential expression of certain genes and proteins between these cells. In this review, we have compiled our present knowledge to compare X and Y spermatozoa with respect to their structural, functional, and molecular features. In addition, we have highlighted several areas that could be explored in future studies in this field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6985208 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69852082020-02-07 New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa Rahman, Md Saidur Pang, Myung-Geol Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology A spermatozoon is a male germ cell capable of fertilizing an oocyte and carries genetic information for determining the sex of the offspring. It comprises autosomes and an X (X spermatozoa) or a Y chromosome (Y spermatozoa). The origin and maturation of both X and Y spermatozoa are the same, however, certain differences may exist. Previous studies proposed a substantial difference between X and Y spermatozoa, however, recent studies suggest negligible or no differences between these spermatozoa with respect to ratio, shape and size, motility and swimming pattern, strength, electric charge, pH, stress response, and aneuploidy. The only difference between X and Y spermatozoa lies in their DNA content. Moreover, recent proteomic and genomic studies have identified a set of proteins and genes that are differentially expressed between X and Y spermatozoa. Therefore, the difference in DNA content might be responsible for the differential expression of certain genes and proteins between these cells. In this review, we have compiled our present knowledge to compare X and Y spermatozoa with respect to their structural, functional, and molecular features. In addition, we have highlighted several areas that could be explored in future studies in this field. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6985208/ /pubmed/32039204 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00388 Text en Copyright © 2020 Rahman and Pang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Rahman, Md Saidur Pang, Myung-Geol New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title | New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title_full | New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title_fullStr | New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title_full_unstemmed | New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title_short | New Biological Insights on X and Y Chromosome-Bearing Spermatozoa |
title_sort | new biological insights on x and y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6985208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32039204 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2019.00388 |
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