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Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely utilized to noninvasively explore the motor system during the observation of human movement. However, few studies have characterized motor cortex activity during periodic gait observation. Thus, this study examined the effects of an observer’s...

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Autores principales: Ito, Tomotaka, Tsubahara, Akio, Shiraga, Yoshiki, Yoshimura, Yosuke, Kimura, Daisuke, Suzuki, Keita, Hanayama, Kozo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31990939
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228389
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author Ito, Tomotaka
Tsubahara, Akio
Shiraga, Yoshiki
Yoshimura, Yosuke
Kimura, Daisuke
Suzuki, Keita
Hanayama, Kozo
author_facet Ito, Tomotaka
Tsubahara, Akio
Shiraga, Yoshiki
Yoshimura, Yosuke
Kimura, Daisuke
Suzuki, Keita
Hanayama, Kozo
author_sort Ito, Tomotaka
collection PubMed
description Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely utilized to noninvasively explore the motor system during the observation of human movement. However, few studies have characterized motor cortex activity during periodic gait observation. Thus, this study examined the effects of an observer’s visual experience and/or intention to imitate on corticospinal excitability during the observation of another’s gait. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were included in this study and allocated to two different groups. Participants in the visual experience group had formal experience with gait observation (physical therapist training), while those in the control group did not. Motor-evoked potentials induced by TMS in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were measured as surrogates of corticospinal excitability. Participants were seated and, while resting, they observed a demonstrator’s gait or observed it with the intention to subsequently reproduce it. Compared with the resting state, cyclic gait observation led to significant corticospinal facilitation in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. However, this pattern of corticospinal facilitation in the measured muscles was not coupled to the pattern of crural muscle activity during actual gait and was independent of the step cycle. This motor cortex facilitation effect during gait observation was enhanced by the observer’s visual experience in a manner that was not step cycle-dependent, while the observer’s intent to imitate did not affect corticospinal excitatory input to either muscle. In addition, visual experience did not modulate corticospinal excitability in gait-related crural muscles. Our findings indicate that motor cortex activity during gait observation is not in line with the timing of muscle activity during gait execution and is modulated by an individual’s gait observation experience. These results suggest that visual experience acquired from repetitive gait observation may facilitate the motor system’s control on bipedal walking, but may not promote the learning of muscle activity patterns.
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spelling pubmed-69867432020-02-18 Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study Ito, Tomotaka Tsubahara, Akio Shiraga, Yoshiki Yoshimura, Yosuke Kimura, Daisuke Suzuki, Keita Hanayama, Kozo PLoS One Research Article Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely utilized to noninvasively explore the motor system during the observation of human movement. However, few studies have characterized motor cortex activity during periodic gait observation. Thus, this study examined the effects of an observer’s visual experience and/or intention to imitate on corticospinal excitability during the observation of another’s gait. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were included in this study and allocated to two different groups. Participants in the visual experience group had formal experience with gait observation (physical therapist training), while those in the control group did not. Motor-evoked potentials induced by TMS in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were measured as surrogates of corticospinal excitability. Participants were seated and, while resting, they observed a demonstrator’s gait or observed it with the intention to subsequently reproduce it. Compared with the resting state, cyclic gait observation led to significant corticospinal facilitation in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. However, this pattern of corticospinal facilitation in the measured muscles was not coupled to the pattern of crural muscle activity during actual gait and was independent of the step cycle. This motor cortex facilitation effect during gait observation was enhanced by the observer’s visual experience in a manner that was not step cycle-dependent, while the observer’s intent to imitate did not affect corticospinal excitatory input to either muscle. In addition, visual experience did not modulate corticospinal excitability in gait-related crural muscles. Our findings indicate that motor cortex activity during gait observation is not in line with the timing of muscle activity during gait execution and is modulated by an individual’s gait observation experience. These results suggest that visual experience acquired from repetitive gait observation may facilitate the motor system’s control on bipedal walking, but may not promote the learning of muscle activity patterns. Public Library of Science 2020-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6986743/ /pubmed/31990939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228389 Text en © 2020 Ito et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ito, Tomotaka
Tsubahara, Akio
Shiraga, Yoshiki
Yoshimura, Yosuke
Kimura, Daisuke
Suzuki, Keita
Hanayama, Kozo
Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title_full Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title_fullStr Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title_full_unstemmed Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title_short Motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
title_sort motor activation is modulated by visual experience during cyclic gait observation: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31990939
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228389
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