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Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer
Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summ...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674166 http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.08 |
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author | Kwak, Yoonjin Seo, An Na Lee, Hee Eun Lee, Hye Seung |
author_facet | Kwak, Yoonjin Seo, An Na Lee, Hee Eun Lee, Hye Seung |
author_sort | Kwak, Yoonjin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summarizes the tumor immune reaction and immune escape mechanisms while focusing on the role of T cells and their co-inhibitory signals, such as the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-1 and programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1). This paper also describes past clinical trials of immunotherapy for patients with GC and details their clinical implications. Strong predictive markers are essential to improve response to immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden are now regarded as potent predictive markers for immunotherapy in patients with GC. Novel immunotherapy and combination therapy targeting new immune checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain containing-3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been suggested, and trials are ongoing to evaluate their safety and efficacy. Immunotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with GC and has great potential for improving patient outcome, and further research in immuno-oncology should be carried out. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6986974 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69869742020-02-05 Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer Kwak, Yoonjin Seo, An Na Lee, Hee Eun Lee, Hye Seung J Pathol Transl Med Review Remarkable developments in immuno-oncology have changed the landscape of gastric cancer (GC) treatment. Because immunotherapy intervenes with tumor immune response rather than directly targeting tumor cells, it is important to develop a greater understanding of tumor immunity. This review paper summarizes the tumor immune reaction and immune escape mechanisms while focusing on the role of T cells and their co-inhibitory signals, such as the immune checkpoint molecules programmed death-1 and programmed deathligand 1 (PD-L1). This paper also describes past clinical trials of immunotherapy for patients with GC and details their clinical implications. Strong predictive markers are essential to improve response to immunotherapy. Microsatellite instability, Epstein-Barr virus, PD-L1 expression, and tumor mutational burden are now regarded as potent predictive markers for immunotherapy in patients with GC. Novel immunotherapy and combination therapy targeting new immune checkpoint molecules such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3, T cell immunoglobulin, and mucin domain containing-3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase have been suggested, and trials are ongoing to evaluate their safety and efficacy. Immunotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with GC and has great potential for improving patient outcome, and further research in immuno-oncology should be carried out. The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2020-01 2019-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC6986974/ /pubmed/31674166 http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.08 Text en © The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Kwak, Yoonjin Seo, An Na Lee, Hee Eun Lee, Hye Seung Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title | Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title_full | Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title_fullStr | Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title_short | Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
title_sort | tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31674166 http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.10.08 |
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