Cargando…

A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle

Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle in...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Castellanos, Nazareth, Diez, Gustavo G., Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen, Bailén, María, Bressa, Carlo, González Soltero, Rocío, Pérez, Margarita, Larrosa, Mar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6987436/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32038575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142
_version_ 1783492140563693568
author Castellanos, Nazareth
Diez, Gustavo G.
Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen
Bailén, María
Bressa, Carlo
González Soltero, Rocío
Pérez, Margarita
Larrosa, Mar
author_facet Castellanos, Nazareth
Diez, Gustavo G.
Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen
Bailén, María
Bressa, Carlo
González Soltero, Rocío
Pérez, Margarita
Larrosa, Mar
author_sort Castellanos, Nazareth
collection PubMed
description Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon’s index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6987436
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-69874362020-02-07 A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle Castellanos, Nazareth Diez, Gustavo G. Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen Bailén, María Bressa, Carlo González Soltero, Rocío Pérez, Margarita Larrosa, Mar Front Microbiol Microbiology Physical exercise improves the overall health status by preventing the development of several diseases. In recent years, it has been observed that physical exercise impacts gut microbiota by increasing the presence of beneficial bacteria and microbial diversity. In contrast, a sedentary lifestyle increases the incidence of chronic diseases that often have an associated loss of microbial diversity. The gut microbiota is a vast ecosystem in which microorganisms interact with each other in different ways; however, microbial ecosystem interactions are scarcely studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether individuals with a sedentary lifestyle have lower diversity in their gut microbiota and how microbial diversity is associated with changes in bacterial network interactions. For that purpose, diet, body composition, physical activity, and sedentarism behavior were characterized for individuals who did or did not comply with the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity. The composition of the gut microbiome was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Reorganization of microbial structure with lifestyle was approached from network analysis, where network complexity and the topology of positive and negative interdependences between bacteria were compared and correlated with microbial diversity. Sedentary lifestyle was significantly associated with a diet low in fiber and rich in sugars and processed meat, as well as with high visceral and total corporal fat composition. The diversity (phylogenic diversity, Chao, observed species, and Shannon’s index) and network complexity of the gut microbiota were significantly lower in sedentary compared to active individuals. Whereas mutualism or co-occurrence interactions were similar between groups, competitiveness was significantly higher in the active lifestyle group. The mutualism-competition ratio was moderate and positively associated with diversity in sedentary individuals, but not in active individuals. This finding indicates that there is a critical point in this ratio beyond which the stability of the microbial community is lost, inducing a loss of diversity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6987436/ /pubmed/32038575 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142 Text en Copyright © 2020 Castellanos, Diez, Antúnez-Almagro, Bailén, Bressa, González Soltero, Pérez and Larrosa. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Castellanos, Nazareth
Diez, Gustavo G.
Antúnez-Almagro, Carmen
Bailén, María
Bressa, Carlo
González Soltero, Rocío
Pérez, Margarita
Larrosa, Mar
A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title_full A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title_fullStr A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title_full_unstemmed A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title_short A Critical Mutualism – Competition Interplay Underlies the Loss of Microbial Diversity in Sedentary Lifestyle
title_sort critical mutualism – competition interplay underlies the loss of microbial diversity in sedentary lifestyle
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6987436/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32038575
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03142
work_keys_str_mv AT castellanosnazareth acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT diezgustavog acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT antunezalmagrocarmen acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT bailenmaria acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT bressacarlo acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT gonzalezsolterorocio acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT perezmargarita acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT larrosamar acriticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT castellanosnazareth criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT diezgustavog criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT antunezalmagrocarmen criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT bailenmaria criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT bressacarlo criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT gonzalezsolterorocio criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT perezmargarita criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle
AT larrosamar criticalmutualismcompetitioninterplayunderliesthelossofmicrobialdiversityinsedentarylifestyle