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Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago
BACKGROUND: Tanzania’s Zanzibar archipelago has made significant gains in malaria control over the last decade and is a target for malaria elimination. Despite consistent implementation of effective tools since 2002, elimination has not been achieved. Importation of parasites from outside of the arc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988337/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31992305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3137-8 |
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author | Morgan, Andrew P. Brazeau, Nicholas F. Ngasala, Billy Mhamilawa, Lwidiko E. Denton, Madeline Msellem, Mwinyi Morris, Ulrika Filer, Dayne L. Aydemir, Ozkan Bailey, Jeffrey A. Parr, Jonathan B. Mårtensson, Andreas Bjorkman, Anders Juliano, Jonathan J. |
author_facet | Morgan, Andrew P. Brazeau, Nicholas F. Ngasala, Billy Mhamilawa, Lwidiko E. Denton, Madeline Msellem, Mwinyi Morris, Ulrika Filer, Dayne L. Aydemir, Ozkan Bailey, Jeffrey A. Parr, Jonathan B. Mårtensson, Andreas Bjorkman, Anders Juliano, Jonathan J. |
author_sort | Morgan, Andrew P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Tanzania’s Zanzibar archipelago has made significant gains in malaria control over the last decade and is a target for malaria elimination. Despite consistent implementation of effective tools since 2002, elimination has not been achieved. Importation of parasites from outside of the archipelago is thought to be an important cause of malaria’s persistence, but this paradigm has not been studied using modern genetic tools. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the impact of importation, employing population genetic analyses of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from both the archipelago and mainland Tanzania. Ancestry, levels of genetic diversity and differentiation, patterns of relatedness, and patterns of selection between these two populations were assessed by leveraging recent advances in deconvolution of genomes from polyclonal malaria infections. RESULTS: Significant decreases in the effective population sizes were inferred in both populations that coincide with a period of decreasing malaria transmission in Tanzania. Identity by descent analysis showed that parasites in the two populations shared long segments of their genomes, on the order of 5 cM, suggesting shared ancestry within the last 10 generations. Even with limited sampling, two of isolates between the mainland and Zanzibar were identified that are related at the expected level of half-siblings, consistent with recent importation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that importation plays an important role for malaria incidence on Zanzibar and demonstrate the value of genomic approaches for identifying corridors of parasite movement to the island. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6988337 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69883372020-02-03 Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago Morgan, Andrew P. Brazeau, Nicholas F. Ngasala, Billy Mhamilawa, Lwidiko E. Denton, Madeline Msellem, Mwinyi Morris, Ulrika Filer, Dayne L. Aydemir, Ozkan Bailey, Jeffrey A. Parr, Jonathan B. Mårtensson, Andreas Bjorkman, Anders Juliano, Jonathan J. Malar J Research BACKGROUND: Tanzania’s Zanzibar archipelago has made significant gains in malaria control over the last decade and is a target for malaria elimination. Despite consistent implementation of effective tools since 2002, elimination has not been achieved. Importation of parasites from outside of the archipelago is thought to be an important cause of malaria’s persistence, but this paradigm has not been studied using modern genetic tools. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the impact of importation, employing population genetic analyses of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from both the archipelago and mainland Tanzania. Ancestry, levels of genetic diversity and differentiation, patterns of relatedness, and patterns of selection between these two populations were assessed by leveraging recent advances in deconvolution of genomes from polyclonal malaria infections. RESULTS: Significant decreases in the effective population sizes were inferred in both populations that coincide with a period of decreasing malaria transmission in Tanzania. Identity by descent analysis showed that parasites in the two populations shared long segments of their genomes, on the order of 5 cM, suggesting shared ancestry within the last 10 generations. Even with limited sampling, two of isolates between the mainland and Zanzibar were identified that are related at the expected level of half-siblings, consistent with recent importation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that importation plays an important role for malaria incidence on Zanzibar and demonstrate the value of genomic approaches for identifying corridors of parasite movement to the island. BioMed Central 2020-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6988337/ /pubmed/31992305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3137-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Morgan, Andrew P. Brazeau, Nicholas F. Ngasala, Billy Mhamilawa, Lwidiko E. Denton, Madeline Msellem, Mwinyi Morris, Ulrika Filer, Dayne L. Aydemir, Ozkan Bailey, Jeffrey A. Parr, Jonathan B. Mårtensson, Andreas Bjorkman, Anders Juliano, Jonathan J. Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title | Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title_full | Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title_fullStr | Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title_full_unstemmed | Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title_short | Falciparum malaria from coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
title_sort | falciparum malaria from coastal tanzania and zanzibar remains highly connected despite effective control efforts on the archipelago |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988337/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31992305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3137-8 |
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