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Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem

Ustilago maydis is a model organism for the study of biotrophic plant–pathogen interactions. The sexual and pathogenic development of the fungus are tightly connected since fusion of compatible haploid sporidia is prerequisite for infection of the host plant, maize (Zea mays). After plant penetratio...

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Autores principales: Schmitz, Lara, Kronstad, James W., Heimel, Kai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802604
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12893
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author Schmitz, Lara
Kronstad, James W.
Heimel, Kai
author_facet Schmitz, Lara
Kronstad, James W.
Heimel, Kai
author_sort Schmitz, Lara
collection PubMed
description Ustilago maydis is a model organism for the study of biotrophic plant–pathogen interactions. The sexual and pathogenic development of the fungus are tightly connected since fusion of compatible haploid sporidia is prerequisite for infection of the host plant, maize (Zea mays). After plant penetration, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated and required for biotrophic growth. The UPR is continuously active throughout all stages of pathogenic development in planta. However, since development of UPR deletion mutants stops directly after plant penetration, the role of an active UPR at later stages of development remained to be determined. Here, we established a gene expression system for U. maydis that uses endogenous, conditionally active promoters to either induce or repress expression of a gene of interest during different stages of plant infection. Integration of the expression constructs into the native genomic locus and removal of resistance cassettes were required to obtain a wild‐type‐like expression pattern. This indicates that genomic localization and chromatin structure are important for correct promoter activity and gene expression. By conditional expression of the central UPR regulator, Cib1, in U. maydis, we show that a functional UPR is required for continuous plant defence suppression after host infection and that U. maydis relies on a robust control system to prevent deleterious UPR hyperactivation.
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spelling pubmed-69884202020-02-03 Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem Schmitz, Lara Kronstad, James W. Heimel, Kai Mol Plant Pathol Technical Advance Ustilago maydis is a model organism for the study of biotrophic plant–pathogen interactions. The sexual and pathogenic development of the fungus are tightly connected since fusion of compatible haploid sporidia is prerequisite for infection of the host plant, maize (Zea mays). After plant penetration, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated and required for biotrophic growth. The UPR is continuously active throughout all stages of pathogenic development in planta. However, since development of UPR deletion mutants stops directly after plant penetration, the role of an active UPR at later stages of development remained to be determined. Here, we established a gene expression system for U. maydis that uses endogenous, conditionally active promoters to either induce or repress expression of a gene of interest during different stages of plant infection. Integration of the expression constructs into the native genomic locus and removal of resistance cassettes were required to obtain a wild‐type‐like expression pattern. This indicates that genomic localization and chromatin structure are important for correct promoter activity and gene expression. By conditional expression of the central UPR regulator, Cib1, in U. maydis, we show that a functional UPR is required for continuous plant defence suppression after host infection and that U. maydis relies on a robust control system to prevent deleterious UPR hyperactivation. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6988420/ /pubmed/31802604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12893 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Technical Advance
Schmitz, Lara
Kronstad, James W.
Heimel, Kai
Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title_full Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title_fullStr Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title_full_unstemmed Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title_short Conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the Ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
title_sort conditional gene expression reveals stage‐specific functions of the unfolded protein response in the ustilago maydis–maize pathosystem
topic Technical Advance
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988420/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31802604
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mpp.12893
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AT heimelkai conditionalgeneexpressionrevealsstagespecificfunctionsoftheunfoldedproteinresponseintheustilagomaydismaizepathosystem