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An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources

Spectrophotometers are commonly used to measure the concentrations of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water and other matrixes; however, many laboratories with limited resources cannot afford to buy these very useful instruments. To meet this need, an accurate, precise, and affordable light e...

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Autores principales: Prairie, Michael W., Frisbie, Seth H., Rao, K. Kesava, Saksri, Anyamanee H., Parbat, Shreyas, Mitchell, Erika J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995571
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226761
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author Prairie, Michael W.
Frisbie, Seth H.
Rao, K. Kesava
Saksri, Anyamanee H.
Parbat, Shreyas
Mitchell, Erika J.
author_facet Prairie, Michael W.
Frisbie, Seth H.
Rao, K. Kesava
Saksri, Anyamanee H.
Parbat, Shreyas
Mitchell, Erika J.
author_sort Prairie, Michael W.
collection PubMed
description Spectrophotometers are commonly used to measure the concentrations of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water and other matrixes; however, many laboratories with limited resources cannot afford to buy these very useful instruments. To meet this need, an accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode (LED) spectrophotometer was designed and built using best engineering practices and modern circuit design. The cost and performance of this LED spectrophotometer was compared against 4 common commercial spectrophotometers. More specifically, the performance of these spectrophotometers was evaluated from the upper limits of linear range, upper limits of operational range, calibration sensitivities, R(2) values, precisions of standards, estimated limits of detection, and percent calibration check standard recoveries for the determinations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and fluoride (F(−)) in drinking water. This evaluation was done in the United States (U.S.) and India. Our LED spectrophotometer costs $63 United States Dollars (USD) for parts. The 4 commercial spectrophotometers ranged in cost from $2,424 to $7,644 USD. There are no practical differences in the upper limits of linear range, upper limits of operational range, R(2) values, precisions of standards, and estimated limits of detection for our LED spectrophotometer and the 4 commercial spectrophotometers. For 2 of the 3 analytes, there is a practical difference in the calibration sensitivities our LED spectrophotometer and the 4 commercial spectrophotometers. More specifically, the calibration sensitivities for Mn and F(−) using our LED spectrophotometer were 65.2% and 67.0% of those using the 4 commercial spectrophotometers, respectively. In conclusion, this paper describes the design, use, and performance of an accurate, precise, and extremely affordable LED spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources.
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spelling pubmed-69889172020-02-20 An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources Prairie, Michael W. Frisbie, Seth H. Rao, K. Kesava Saksri, Anyamanee H. Parbat, Shreyas Mitchell, Erika J. PLoS One Research Article Spectrophotometers are commonly used to measure the concentrations of a wide variety of analytes in drinking water and other matrixes; however, many laboratories with limited resources cannot afford to buy these very useful instruments. To meet this need, an accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode (LED) spectrophotometer was designed and built using best engineering practices and modern circuit design. The cost and performance of this LED spectrophotometer was compared against 4 common commercial spectrophotometers. More specifically, the performance of these spectrophotometers was evaluated from the upper limits of linear range, upper limits of operational range, calibration sensitivities, R(2) values, precisions of standards, estimated limits of detection, and percent calibration check standard recoveries for the determinations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and fluoride (F(−)) in drinking water. This evaluation was done in the United States (U.S.) and India. Our LED spectrophotometer costs $63 United States Dollars (USD) for parts. The 4 commercial spectrophotometers ranged in cost from $2,424 to $7,644 USD. There are no practical differences in the upper limits of linear range, upper limits of operational range, R(2) values, precisions of standards, and estimated limits of detection for our LED spectrophotometer and the 4 commercial spectrophotometers. For 2 of the 3 analytes, there is a practical difference in the calibration sensitivities our LED spectrophotometer and the 4 commercial spectrophotometers. More specifically, the calibration sensitivities for Mn and F(−) using our LED spectrophotometer were 65.2% and 67.0% of those using the 4 commercial spectrophotometers, respectively. In conclusion, this paper describes the design, use, and performance of an accurate, precise, and extremely affordable LED spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources. Public Library of Science 2020-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6988917/ /pubmed/31995571 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226761 Text en © 2020 Prairie et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Prairie, Michael W.
Frisbie, Seth H.
Rao, K. Kesava
Saksri, Anyamanee H.
Parbat, Shreyas
Mitchell, Erika J.
An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title_full An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title_fullStr An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title_full_unstemmed An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title_short An accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
title_sort accurate, precise, and affordable light emitting diode spectrophotometer for drinking water and other testing with limited resources
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995571
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226761
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