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Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is an important and widely used antibiotic in poultry industry due to its high efficacy in fighting diseases and promoting growth. In addition, SMZ is a possible human carcinogen and has been found in many food types including poultry meat. Accordingly, this...

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Autores principales: Awaisheh, Saddam S., Khalifeh, Mohammad S., Rahahleh, Razan J., Al-Khaza’leh, Ja’far M., Algroom, Rania M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Veterinary World 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6989328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32095052
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1992-1997
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author Awaisheh, Saddam S.
Khalifeh, Mohammad S.
Rahahleh, Razan J.
Al-Khaza’leh, Ja’far M.
Algroom, Rania M.
author_facet Awaisheh, Saddam S.
Khalifeh, Mohammad S.
Rahahleh, Razan J.
Al-Khaza’leh, Ja’far M.
Algroom, Rania M.
author_sort Awaisheh, Saddam S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is an important and widely used antibiotic in poultry industry due to its high efficacy in fighting diseases and promoting growth. In addition, SMZ is a possible human carcinogen and has been found in many food types including poultry meat. Accordingly, this study aimed to survey the contamination level and estimated daily intake (EDI) of SMZ in domestic and imported poultry meat samples in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 samples; 60, 30, and 30 of fresh and frozen domestic and frozen imported poultry samples, respectively, were collected from different cities in Jordan. Poultry samples were analyzed for SMZ incidence rate and contamination level using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. EDI values were calculated from the SMZ concentration, average poultry daily consumption rate, and adult body weight (b.w.). RESULTS: Of the 120 surveyed samples, 20 samples (16.7%) were SMZ violative positive and exceeded the European Union maximum limit (100 µg/kg) and accordingly were unfit for human consumption. Whereas, 51 samples (42.5%) were with SMZ concentrations of 10-100 µg/kg. The average SMZ concentration was 235.58 µg/kg, with a range of 11.47-800 µg/kg poultry meat. It is also noteworthy the high EDI of SMZ by Jordanian adults, 0.286 µg SMZ/kg b.w./day. Moreover, results prevailed that the highest SMZ incidence rate and contamination level were for imported poultry samples followed by domestic poultry samples, which may indicate that SMZ contamination in poultry meat is an international issue. CONCLUSION: The current study prevailed high SMZ incidence rate, contamination level, and EDI values, which is likely due to indiscriminate use of SMZ in poultry production. Results also prevailed the high risk that consumers in Jordan may expose due to SMZ residues. Therefore, more strict program and good agricultural practices should be applied to monitor antibiotic withdrawal periods in animals used for human consumption to ensure the legal residue requirements of these antibiotics.
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spelling pubmed-69893282020-02-24 Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan Awaisheh, Saddam S. Khalifeh, Mohammad S. Rahahleh, Razan J. Al-Khaza’leh, Ja’far M. Algroom, Rania M. Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is an important and widely used antibiotic in poultry industry due to its high efficacy in fighting diseases and promoting growth. In addition, SMZ is a possible human carcinogen and has been found in many food types including poultry meat. Accordingly, this study aimed to survey the contamination level and estimated daily intake (EDI) of SMZ in domestic and imported poultry meat samples in Jordan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 samples; 60, 30, and 30 of fresh and frozen domestic and frozen imported poultry samples, respectively, were collected from different cities in Jordan. Poultry samples were analyzed for SMZ incidence rate and contamination level using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. EDI values were calculated from the SMZ concentration, average poultry daily consumption rate, and adult body weight (b.w.). RESULTS: Of the 120 surveyed samples, 20 samples (16.7%) were SMZ violative positive and exceeded the European Union maximum limit (100 µg/kg) and accordingly were unfit for human consumption. Whereas, 51 samples (42.5%) were with SMZ concentrations of 10-100 µg/kg. The average SMZ concentration was 235.58 µg/kg, with a range of 11.47-800 µg/kg poultry meat. It is also noteworthy the high EDI of SMZ by Jordanian adults, 0.286 µg SMZ/kg b.w./day. Moreover, results prevailed that the highest SMZ incidence rate and contamination level were for imported poultry samples followed by domestic poultry samples, which may indicate that SMZ contamination in poultry meat is an international issue. CONCLUSION: The current study prevailed high SMZ incidence rate, contamination level, and EDI values, which is likely due to indiscriminate use of SMZ in poultry production. Results also prevailed the high risk that consumers in Jordan may expose due to SMZ residues. Therefore, more strict program and good agricultural practices should be applied to monitor antibiotic withdrawal periods in animals used for human consumption to ensure the legal residue requirements of these antibiotics. Veterinary World 2019-12 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6989328/ /pubmed/32095052 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1992-1997 Text en Copyright: © Awaisheh, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Awaisheh, Saddam S.
Khalifeh, Mohammad S.
Rahahleh, Razan J.
Al-Khaza’leh, Ja’far M.
Algroom, Rania M.
Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title_full Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title_fullStr Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title_full_unstemmed Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title_short Sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in Jordan
title_sort sulfamethazine contamination level and exposure assessment in domestic and imported poultry meats in jordan
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6989328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32095052
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1992-1997
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