Assessing fuel properties effects of 2,5-dimethylfuran on microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of oxygenated fuel/diesel blends spray

2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is a type of attractive sustainable green energy for diesel engines that is designed to reduce soot emission. This study investigated the effect of fuel properties on the macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics of four test blends under injection pressures of 90, 120 and 150 MPa and ambient pressure of 5 MPa in a common diesel rail injection system. The macroscopic results indicate that with higher density, lower viscosity and lower latent heating of DMF20, the spray tip penetration and spray area are increased and the average spray angle is slightly increased. Interestingly, the effect of latent heating on the average spray angle is more obvious than that of kinematic viscosity. The microscopic results suggest that higher density, lower viscosity and lower latent heating of DMF20 have an adverse effect on the breakup of small droplets. The results of comparative analysis show that the change rules of the spray parameters remain nearly unchanged with increased injection pressure, and the influence of DMF20 properties produces a different change in different spray parameters with increasing injection pressure. The meaningful conclusion is that the properties of DMF are favourable to improvement of the spray and atomization parameters under high injection pressure.