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Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children

Individual differences in cognitive patterning is informative in understanding one's cognitive strengths and weaknesses. However, little is known about the difference in brain structures relating to individual differences in cognitive patterning. In this study, we classified typically developin...

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Autores principales: Yokota, Susumu, Takeuchi, Hikaru, Hashimoto, Teruo, Hashizume, Hiroshi, Asano, Kohei, Asano, Michiko, Sassa, Yuko, Taki, Yasuyuki, Kawashima, Ryuta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6989807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.003
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author Yokota, Susumu
Takeuchi, Hikaru
Hashimoto, Teruo
Hashizume, Hiroshi
Asano, Kohei
Asano, Michiko
Sassa, Yuko
Taki, Yasuyuki
Kawashima, Ryuta
author_facet Yokota, Susumu
Takeuchi, Hikaru
Hashimoto, Teruo
Hashizume, Hiroshi
Asano, Kohei
Asano, Michiko
Sassa, Yuko
Taki, Yasuyuki
Kawashima, Ryuta
author_sort Yokota, Susumu
collection PubMed
description Individual differences in cognitive patterning is informative in understanding one's cognitive strengths and weaknesses. However, little is known about the difference in brain structures relating to individual differences in cognitive patterning. In this study, we classified typically developing children (n = 277; age range, 5–16 years) into subtypes with k-means cluster analysis along with factor index scores using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Third Edition). We then applied voxel-based morphometry to investigate whether significant gray-matter-volume differences existed among subtypes of cognitive patterns. Depending on the level of performance and cognitive patterning, we obtained six subtypes. One subtype that generally scored below average showed larger volume in the right middle temporal gyrus than the other five. On the other hand, two subtypes that achieved average levels of performance showed reverse-patterned factor index scores (one scored higher in Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility, and the other scored lower in these two factor index scores) and had smaller volume in the right middle temporal gyrus than the other subtypes. From these results, we concluded that cognitive discrepancy was also obvious in typically developing children and that differences in cognitive patterning are represented in brain structure.
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spelling pubmed-69898072020-02-03 Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children Yokota, Susumu Takeuchi, Hikaru Hashimoto, Teruo Hashizume, Hiroshi Asano, Kohei Asano, Michiko Sassa, Yuko Taki, Yasuyuki Kawashima, Ryuta Dev Cogn Neurosci Original Research Individual differences in cognitive patterning is informative in understanding one's cognitive strengths and weaknesses. However, little is known about the difference in brain structures relating to individual differences in cognitive patterning. In this study, we classified typically developing children (n = 277; age range, 5–16 years) into subtypes with k-means cluster analysis along with factor index scores using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (Third Edition). We then applied voxel-based morphometry to investigate whether significant gray-matter-volume differences existed among subtypes of cognitive patterns. Depending on the level of performance and cognitive patterning, we obtained six subtypes. One subtype that generally scored below average showed larger volume in the right middle temporal gyrus than the other five. On the other hand, two subtypes that achieved average levels of performance showed reverse-patterned factor index scores (one scored higher in Verbal Comprehension and Freedom from Distractibility, and the other scored lower in these two factor index scores) and had smaller volume in the right middle temporal gyrus than the other subtypes. From these results, we concluded that cognitive discrepancy was also obvious in typically developing children and that differences in cognitive patterning are represented in brain structure. Elsevier 2015-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6989807/ /pubmed/26046425 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.003 Text en © 2015 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Original Research
Yokota, Susumu
Takeuchi, Hikaru
Hashimoto, Teruo
Hashizume, Hiroshi
Asano, Kohei
Asano, Michiko
Sassa, Yuko
Taki, Yasuyuki
Kawashima, Ryuta
Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title_full Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title_fullStr Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title_full_unstemmed Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title_short Individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
title_sort individual differences in cognitive performance and brain structure in typically developing children
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6989807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26046425
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2015.05.003
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