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The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention

Evidence that fetal nutrition influences adult health has heightened interest in nutritional interventions targeting pregnancy. However, as is true for other placental mammals, human females have evolved mechanisms that help buffer the fetus against short-term fluctuations in maternal diet and energ...

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Autores principales: Thayer, Zaneta M, Rutherford, Julienne, Kuzawa, Christopher W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6990448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32015877
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoz037
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author Thayer, Zaneta M
Rutherford, Julienne
Kuzawa, Christopher W
author_facet Thayer, Zaneta M
Rutherford, Julienne
Kuzawa, Christopher W
author_sort Thayer, Zaneta M
collection PubMed
description Evidence that fetal nutrition influences adult health has heightened interest in nutritional interventions targeting pregnancy. However, as is true for other placental mammals, human females have evolved mechanisms that help buffer the fetus against short-term fluctuations in maternal diet and energy status. In this review, we first discuss the evolution of increasingly elaborate vertebrate strategies of buffering offspring from environmental fluctuations during development, including the important innovation of the eutherian placenta. We then present the Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model, which argues that, in contrast to many micronutrients that must be derived from dietary sources, the effects of short-term changes in maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy, whether due to a deficit or supplementation, will be minimized by internal buffering mechanisms that work to ensure a stable supply of essential resources. In contrast to the minimal effects of brief macronutrient supplementation, there is growing evidence that sustained improvements in early life and adult pre-pregnancy nutrition could improve birth outcomes in offspring. Building on these and other observations, we propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself. Our model leads to the prediction that birth weight will be more strongly influenced by the mother’s chronic pre-pregnancy nutrition than by pregnancy diet, and highlights the need for policy solutions aimed at optimizing future, intergenerational health outcomes. Lay summary: We propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself.
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spelling pubmed-69904482020-02-03 The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention Thayer, Zaneta M Rutherford, Julienne Kuzawa, Christopher W Evol Med Public Health Review Evidence that fetal nutrition influences adult health has heightened interest in nutritional interventions targeting pregnancy. However, as is true for other placental mammals, human females have evolved mechanisms that help buffer the fetus against short-term fluctuations in maternal diet and energy status. In this review, we first discuss the evolution of increasingly elaborate vertebrate strategies of buffering offspring from environmental fluctuations during development, including the important innovation of the eutherian placenta. We then present the Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model, which argues that, in contrast to many micronutrients that must be derived from dietary sources, the effects of short-term changes in maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy, whether due to a deficit or supplementation, will be minimized by internal buffering mechanisms that work to ensure a stable supply of essential resources. In contrast to the minimal effects of brief macronutrient supplementation, there is growing evidence that sustained improvements in early life and adult pre-pregnancy nutrition could improve birth outcomes in offspring. Building on these and other observations, we propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself. Our model leads to the prediction that birth weight will be more strongly influenced by the mother’s chronic pre-pregnancy nutrition than by pregnancy diet, and highlights the need for policy solutions aimed at optimizing future, intergenerational health outcomes. Lay summary: We propose that strategies to improve fetal macronutrient delivery will be most effective if they modify the pregnancy metabolism of mothers by targeting nutrition prior to conception and even during early development, as a complement to the conventional focus on bolstering macronutrient intake during pregnancy itself. Oxford University Press 2020-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6990448/ /pubmed/32015877 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoz037 Text en � The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Foundation for Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Thayer, Zaneta M
Rutherford, Julienne
Kuzawa, Christopher W
The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title_full The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title_fullStr The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title_full_unstemmed The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title_short The Maternal Nutritional Buffering Model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
title_sort maternal nutritional buffering model: an evolutionary framework for pregnancy nutritional intervention
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6990448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32015877
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoz037
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