Cargando…

Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems

[Image: see text] The application of graphene in the field of drug delivery has attracted massive interest among researchers. However, the high toxicity of graphene has been a drawback for its use in drug delivery. Therefore, to enhance the biocompatibility of graphene, a new route was developed usi...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi, Hayyan, Maan, Ngoh, Gek Cheng, Wong, Won Fen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2020
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6990633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32010840
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03709
_version_ 1783492545061322752
author Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi
Hayyan, Maan
Ngoh, Gek Cheng
Wong, Won Fen
author_facet Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi
Hayyan, Maan
Ngoh, Gek Cheng
Wong, Won Fen
author_sort Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] The application of graphene in the field of drug delivery has attracted massive interest among researchers. However, the high toxicity of graphene has been a drawback for its use in drug delivery. Therefore, to enhance the biocompatibility of graphene, a new route was developed using ternary natural deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as functionalizing agents, which have the capability to incorporate various functional groups and surface modifications. Physicochemical characterization analyses, including field emission scanning electron microscope, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray, were used to verify the surface modifications introduced by the functionalization process. Doxorubicin was loaded onto the DES-functionalized graphene. The results exhibited significantly improved drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (DLC) compared with pristine graphene and oxidized graphene. Compared with unfunctionalized graphene, functionalization with DES choline chloride (ChCl):sucrose:water (4:1:4) resulted in the highest drug loading capacity (EE of 51.84% and DLC of 25.92%) followed by DES ChCl:glycerol:water (1:2:1) (EE of 51.04% and DLC of 25.52%). Following doxorubicin loading, graphene damaged human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (>95%) and cell cycle disruption by increase in the cell population at S phase and G2/M phase. Thus, DESs represent promising green functionalizing agents for nanodrug carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that DES-functionalized graphene has been used as a nanocarrier for doxorubicin, illustrating the potential application of DESs as functionalizing agents in drug delivery systems.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6990633
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher American Chemical Society
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-69906332020-01-31 Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi Hayyan, Maan Ngoh, Gek Cheng Wong, Won Fen ACS Omega [Image: see text] The application of graphene in the field of drug delivery has attracted massive interest among researchers. However, the high toxicity of graphene has been a drawback for its use in drug delivery. Therefore, to enhance the biocompatibility of graphene, a new route was developed using ternary natural deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as functionalizing agents, which have the capability to incorporate various functional groups and surface modifications. Physicochemical characterization analyses, including field emission scanning electron microscope, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray, were used to verify the surface modifications introduced by the functionalization process. Doxorubicin was loaded onto the DES-functionalized graphene. The results exhibited significantly improved drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading capacity (DLC) compared with pristine graphene and oxidized graphene. Compared with unfunctionalized graphene, functionalization with DES choline chloride (ChCl):sucrose:water (4:1:4) resulted in the highest drug loading capacity (EE of 51.84% and DLC of 25.92%) followed by DES ChCl:glycerol:water (1:2:1) (EE of 51.04% and DLC of 25.52%). Following doxorubicin loading, graphene damaged human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) through the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (>95%) and cell cycle disruption by increase in the cell population at S phase and G2/M phase. Thus, DESs represent promising green functionalizing agents for nanodrug carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that DES-functionalized graphene has been used as a nanocarrier for doxorubicin, illustrating the potential application of DESs as functionalizing agents in drug delivery systems. American Chemical Society 2020-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6990633/ /pubmed/32010840 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03709 Text en Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_termsofuse.html) , which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Zainal-Abidin, Mohamad Hamdi
Hayyan, Maan
Ngoh, Gek Cheng
Wong, Won Fen
Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title_full Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title_fullStr Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title_full_unstemmed Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title_short Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems
title_sort doxorubicin loading on functional graphene as a promising nanocarrier using ternary deep eutectic solvent systems
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6990633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32010840
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b03709
work_keys_str_mv AT zainalabidinmohamadhamdi doxorubicinloadingonfunctionalgrapheneasapromisingnanocarrierusingternarydeepeutecticsolventsystems
AT hayyanmaan doxorubicinloadingonfunctionalgrapheneasapromisingnanocarrierusingternarydeepeutecticsolventsystems
AT ngohgekcheng doxorubicinloadingonfunctionalgrapheneasapromisingnanocarrierusingternarydeepeutecticsolventsystems
AT wongwonfen doxorubicinloadingonfunctionalgrapheneasapromisingnanocarrierusingternarydeepeutecticsolventsystems