Intensity of spinal inflammation is associated with radiological structural damage in patients with active axial spondyloarthritis

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between the intensity of spinal inflammation using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and radiographic progression in axial SpA. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of participants with axial SpA and back pain. Clinical, biochemical and radiological parameters were collected. The ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS)-CRP was determined. Radiographic progression was represented by the modified Stoke ankylosing spondylitis spine score (mSASSS). MRI with short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences were performed simultaneously. Inflammatory lesions on STIR were used for the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI indexes and as references in outlining regions of interest in ADC maps to produce mean (ADC(mean)) and maximal (ADC(max)) ADC values. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine independent associations between ADC and radiographic progression. RESULTS: The 84 participants with identifiable lesions on spinal ADC maps recruited were characterized by a mean (s.d.) age of 45.01 (13.68) years, long disease duration [13.40 (11.01) years] and moderate clinical disease activity [ASDAS-CRP 2.07 (0.83)]. Multivariate regression analysis using ADC(mean) as the independent variable showed that age (regression coefficient [B] = 0.34; P = 0.01), male sex (B = 0.25; P = 0.04) and ADC(mean) (B = 0.30; P = 0.01) were positively associated with mSASSS. Multivariate regression analysis using ADC(max) as the independent variable showed a tendency for ADC(max) to be associated with mSASSS (B = 0.21; P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: The intensity of spinal inflammation as determined by ADC is associated with radiographic progression in participants with active axial SpA.