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Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams
Human-use pharmaceuticals in urban streams link aquatic-ecosystem health to human health. Pharmaceutical mixtures have been widely reported in larger streams due to historical emphasis on wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) sources, with limited investigation of pharmaceutical exposures and potential...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6992211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999738 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228214 |
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author | Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Button, Daniel T. Carlisle, Daren M. Huffman, Bradley J. Qi, Sharon L. Romanok, Kristin M. Van Metre, Peter C. |
author_facet | Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Button, Daniel T. Carlisle, Daren M. Huffman, Bradley J. Qi, Sharon L. Romanok, Kristin M. Van Metre, Peter C. |
author_sort | Bradley, Paul M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human-use pharmaceuticals in urban streams link aquatic-ecosystem health to human health. Pharmaceutical mixtures have been widely reported in larger streams due to historical emphasis on wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) sources, with limited investigation of pharmaceutical exposures and potential effects in smaller headwater streams. In 2014–2017, the United States Geological Survey measured 111 pharmaceutical compounds in 308 headwater streams (261 urban-gradient sites sampled 3–5 times, 47 putative low-impact sites sampled once) in 4 regions across the US. Simultaneous exposures to multiple pharmaceutical compounds (pharmaceutical mixtures) were observed in 91% of streams (248 urban-gradient, 32 low-impact), with 88 analytes detected across all sites and cumulative maximum concentrations up to 36,142 ng/L per site. Cumulative detections and concentrations correlated to urban land use and presence/absence of permitted WWTP discharges, but pharmaceutical mixtures also were common in the 75% of sampled streams without WWTP. Cumulative exposure-activity ratios (EAR) indicated widespread transient exposures with high probability of molecular effects to vertebrates. Considering the potential individual and interactive effects of the detected pharmaceuticals and the recognized analytical underestimation of the pharmaceutical-contaminant (unassessed parent compounds, metabolites, degradates) space, these results demonstrate a nation-wide environmental concern and the need for watershed-scale mitigation of in-stream pharmaceutical contamination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6992211 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69922112020-02-20 Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Button, Daniel T. Carlisle, Daren M. Huffman, Bradley J. Qi, Sharon L. Romanok, Kristin M. Van Metre, Peter C. PLoS One Research Article Human-use pharmaceuticals in urban streams link aquatic-ecosystem health to human health. Pharmaceutical mixtures have been widely reported in larger streams due to historical emphasis on wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) sources, with limited investigation of pharmaceutical exposures and potential effects in smaller headwater streams. In 2014–2017, the United States Geological Survey measured 111 pharmaceutical compounds in 308 headwater streams (261 urban-gradient sites sampled 3–5 times, 47 putative low-impact sites sampled once) in 4 regions across the US. Simultaneous exposures to multiple pharmaceutical compounds (pharmaceutical mixtures) were observed in 91% of streams (248 urban-gradient, 32 low-impact), with 88 analytes detected across all sites and cumulative maximum concentrations up to 36,142 ng/L per site. Cumulative detections and concentrations correlated to urban land use and presence/absence of permitted WWTP discharges, but pharmaceutical mixtures also were common in the 75% of sampled streams without WWTP. Cumulative exposure-activity ratios (EAR) indicated widespread transient exposures with high probability of molecular effects to vertebrates. Considering the potential individual and interactive effects of the detected pharmaceuticals and the recognized analytical underestimation of the pharmaceutical-contaminant (unassessed parent compounds, metabolites, degradates) space, these results demonstrate a nation-wide environmental concern and the need for watershed-scale mitigation of in-stream pharmaceutical contamination. Public Library of Science 2020-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6992211/ /pubmed/31999738 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228214 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bradley, Paul M. Journey, Celeste A. Button, Daniel T. Carlisle, Daren M. Huffman, Bradley J. Qi, Sharon L. Romanok, Kristin M. Van Metre, Peter C. Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title | Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title_full | Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title_fullStr | Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title_full_unstemmed | Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title_short | Multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in USA wadeable urban-gradient streams |
title_sort | multi-region assessment of pharmaceutical exposures and predicted effects in usa wadeable urban-gradient streams |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6992211/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999738 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228214 |
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