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Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats
BACKGROUND: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) causes multiple behavioral and cognitive deficits, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Studies show that 49–94% of FASD children exhibit attention deficits, even when they have normal IQs or lack severe facial deformities, s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6992663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32038156 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00012 |
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author | Wang, Ruixiang Martin, Connor D. Lei, Anna L. Hausknecht, Kathryn A. Ishiwari, Keita Richards, Jerry B. Haj-Dahmane, Samir Shen, Roh-Yu |
author_facet | Wang, Ruixiang Martin, Connor D. Lei, Anna L. Hausknecht, Kathryn A. Ishiwari, Keita Richards, Jerry B. Haj-Dahmane, Samir Shen, Roh-Yu |
author_sort | Wang, Ruixiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) causes multiple behavioral and cognitive deficits, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Studies show that 49–94% of FASD children exhibit attention deficits, even when they have normal IQs or lack severe facial deformities, suggesting that attention deficits could be caused by even moderate prenatal exposure to alcohol, of which the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. A valid rodent model could help elucidate this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A second-trimester equivalent binge drinking PE model was utilized. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered with 15% (w/v) ethanol (6 g/kg/day, via gastric gavage) during gestational days 8–20, and their offspring were the subjects in the present study. A modified 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task was used to illustrate possible attention deficits, including increased action impulsivity and lapses of attention. Enhanced impulsivity was reflected by more premature responses while increased lapses of attention were manifested as more incorrect responses and/or greater variability of reaction time, demonstrated by more skewed distributions of reaction time. Ten-week-old male and female rats were tested for three sessions following 16–19 days of training. RESULTS: Our PE paradigm caused no major teratogenic effects. PE led to increased impulsivity exhibited as greater premature responses and augmented lapses of attention shown by greater skewnesses of reaction time distributions, relative to controls. The deficits were observed in both PE male and female rats. Interestingly, in males, the attention deficits were detected only when the 2-CRT task was relatively difficult whereas in females they were detected even when the task was at a less demanding level. CONCLUSION: We show that the binge drinking pattern of PE led to attention deficits in both sexes of rats even though no major teratogenic effects were observed. Therefore, this rodent model can be used to study neural mechanisms underlying attention deficits caused by PE and to explore effective intervention approaches for FASD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6992663 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69926632020-02-07 Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats Wang, Ruixiang Martin, Connor D. Lei, Anna L. Hausknecht, Kathryn A. Ishiwari, Keita Richards, Jerry B. Haj-Dahmane, Samir Shen, Roh-Yu Front Neurosci Neuroscience BACKGROUND: Prenatal ethanol exposure (PE) causes multiple behavioral and cognitive deficits, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Studies show that 49–94% of FASD children exhibit attention deficits, even when they have normal IQs or lack severe facial deformities, suggesting that attention deficits could be caused by even moderate prenatal exposure to alcohol, of which the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. A valid rodent model could help elucidate this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A second-trimester equivalent binge drinking PE model was utilized. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were administered with 15% (w/v) ethanol (6 g/kg/day, via gastric gavage) during gestational days 8–20, and their offspring were the subjects in the present study. A modified 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task was used to illustrate possible attention deficits, including increased action impulsivity and lapses of attention. Enhanced impulsivity was reflected by more premature responses while increased lapses of attention were manifested as more incorrect responses and/or greater variability of reaction time, demonstrated by more skewed distributions of reaction time. Ten-week-old male and female rats were tested for three sessions following 16–19 days of training. RESULTS: Our PE paradigm caused no major teratogenic effects. PE led to increased impulsivity exhibited as greater premature responses and augmented lapses of attention shown by greater skewnesses of reaction time distributions, relative to controls. The deficits were observed in both PE male and female rats. Interestingly, in males, the attention deficits were detected only when the 2-CRT task was relatively difficult whereas in females they were detected even when the task was at a less demanding level. CONCLUSION: We show that the binge drinking pattern of PE led to attention deficits in both sexes of rats even though no major teratogenic effects were observed. Therefore, this rodent model can be used to study neural mechanisms underlying attention deficits caused by PE and to explore effective intervention approaches for FASD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6992663/ /pubmed/32038156 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00012 Text en Copyright © 2020 Wang, Martin, Lei, Hausknecht, Ishiwari, Richards, Haj-Dahmane and Shen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Wang, Ruixiang Martin, Connor D. Lei, Anna L. Hausknecht, Kathryn A. Ishiwari, Keita Richards, Jerry B. Haj-Dahmane, Samir Shen, Roh-Yu Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title | Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title_full | Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title_fullStr | Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title_short | Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Leads to Attention Deficits in Both Male and Female Rats |
title_sort | prenatal ethanol exposure leads to attention deficits in both male and female rats |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6992663/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32038156 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00012 |
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