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Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion

The Bantu expansion, which started in West Central Africa around 5,000 BP, constitutes a major migratory movement involving the joint spread of peoples and languages across sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the rich linguistic and archaeological evidence available, the genetic relationships between differ...

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Autores principales: Semo, Armando, Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena, Fortes-Lima, Cesar, Alard, Bérénice, Oliveira, Sandra, Almeida, João, Prista, António, Damasceno, Albertino, Fehn, Anne-Maria, Schlebusch, Carina, Rocha, Jorge
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31593238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz224
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author Semo, Armando
Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena
Fortes-Lima, Cesar
Alard, Bérénice
Oliveira, Sandra
Almeida, João
Prista, António
Damasceno, Albertino
Fehn, Anne-Maria
Schlebusch, Carina
Rocha, Jorge
author_facet Semo, Armando
Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena
Fortes-Lima, Cesar
Alard, Bérénice
Oliveira, Sandra
Almeida, João
Prista, António
Damasceno, Albertino
Fehn, Anne-Maria
Schlebusch, Carina
Rocha, Jorge
author_sort Semo, Armando
collection PubMed
description The Bantu expansion, which started in West Central Africa around 5,000 BP, constitutes a major migratory movement involving the joint spread of peoples and languages across sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the rich linguistic and archaeological evidence available, the genetic relationships between different Bantu-speaking populations and the migratory routes they followed during various phases of the expansion remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the genetic profiles of southwestern and southeastern Bantu-speaking peoples located at the edges of the Bantu expansion by generating genome-wide data for 200 individuals from 12 Mozambican and 3 Angolan populations using ∼1.9 million autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms. Incorporating a wide range of available genetic data, our analyses confirm previous results favoring a “late split” between West and East Bantu speakers, following a joint passage through the rainforest. In addition, we find that Bantu speakers from eastern Africa display genetic substructure, with Mozambican populations forming a gradient of relatedness along a North–South cline stretching from the coastal border between Kenya and Tanzania to South Africa. This gradient is further associated with a southward increase in genetic homogeneity, and involved minimum admixture with resident populations. Together, our results provide the first genetic evidence in support of a rapid North–South dispersal of Bantu peoples along the Indian Ocean Coast, as inferred from the distribution and antiquity of Early Iron Age assemblages associated with the Kwale archaeological tradition.
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spelling pubmed-69938572020-02-05 Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion Semo, Armando Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena Fortes-Lima, Cesar Alard, Bérénice Oliveira, Sandra Almeida, João Prista, António Damasceno, Albertino Fehn, Anne-Maria Schlebusch, Carina Rocha, Jorge Mol Biol Evol Discoveries The Bantu expansion, which started in West Central Africa around 5,000 BP, constitutes a major migratory movement involving the joint spread of peoples and languages across sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the rich linguistic and archaeological evidence available, the genetic relationships between different Bantu-speaking populations and the migratory routes they followed during various phases of the expansion remain poorly understood. Here, we analyze the genetic profiles of southwestern and southeastern Bantu-speaking peoples located at the edges of the Bantu expansion by generating genome-wide data for 200 individuals from 12 Mozambican and 3 Angolan populations using ∼1.9 million autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms. Incorporating a wide range of available genetic data, our analyses confirm previous results favoring a “late split” between West and East Bantu speakers, following a joint passage through the rainforest. In addition, we find that Bantu speakers from eastern Africa display genetic substructure, with Mozambican populations forming a gradient of relatedness along a North–South cline stretching from the coastal border between Kenya and Tanzania to South Africa. This gradient is further associated with a southward increase in genetic homogeneity, and involved minimum admixture with resident populations. Together, our results provide the first genetic evidence in support of a rapid North–South dispersal of Bantu peoples along the Indian Ocean Coast, as inferred from the distribution and antiquity of Early Iron Age assemblages associated with the Kwale archaeological tradition. Oxford University Press 2020-02 2019-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC6993857/ /pubmed/31593238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz224 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Discoveries
Semo, Armando
Gayà-Vidal, Magdalena
Fortes-Lima, Cesar
Alard, Bérénice
Oliveira, Sandra
Almeida, João
Prista, António
Damasceno, Albertino
Fehn, Anne-Maria
Schlebusch, Carina
Rocha, Jorge
Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title_full Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title_fullStr Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title_full_unstemmed Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title_short Along the Indian Ocean Coast: Genomic Variation in Mozambique Provides New Insights into the Bantu Expansion
title_sort along the indian ocean coast: genomic variation in mozambique provides new insights into the bantu expansion
topic Discoveries
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993857/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31593238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz224
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