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Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model

Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in...

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Autores principales: Moreira, Alyne Riani, Pereira de Castro, Thamyres Barros, Kohler, Júlia Benini, Ito, Juliana Tiyaki, de França Silva, Larissa Emídio, Lourenço, Juliana Dias, Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro, Santana, Fernanda Roncon, Brito, Jose Mara, Rivero, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira, Vale, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso, Prado, Carla Máximo, Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva, Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento, Olivo, Clarice Rosa, Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32004356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228393
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author Moreira, Alyne Riani
Pereira de Castro, Thamyres Barros
Kohler, Júlia Benini
Ito, Juliana Tiyaki
de França Silva, Larissa Emídio
Lourenço, Juliana Dias
Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro
Santana, Fernanda Roncon
Brito, Jose Mara
Rivero, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira
Vale, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso
Prado, Carla Máximo
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Olivo, Clarice Rosa
Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos
author_facet Moreira, Alyne Riani
Pereira de Castro, Thamyres Barros
Kohler, Júlia Benini
Ito, Juliana Tiyaki
de França Silva, Larissa Emídio
Lourenço, Juliana Dias
Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro
Santana, Fernanda Roncon
Brito, Jose Mara
Rivero, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira
Vale, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso
Prado, Carla Máximo
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Olivo, Clarice Rosa
Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos
author_sort Moreira, Alyne Riani
collection PubMed
description Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE- induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms.
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spelling pubmed-69939602020-02-20 Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model Moreira, Alyne Riani Pereira de Castro, Thamyres Barros Kohler, Júlia Benini Ito, Juliana Tiyaki de França Silva, Larissa Emídio Lourenço, Juliana Dias Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro Santana, Fernanda Roncon Brito, Jose Mara Rivero, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira Vale, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso Prado, Carla Máximo Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Olivo, Clarice Rosa Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos PLoS One Research Article Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE- induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms. Public Library of Science 2020-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC6993960/ /pubmed/32004356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228393 Text en © 2020 Moreira et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Moreira, Alyne Riani
Pereira de Castro, Thamyres Barros
Kohler, Júlia Benini
Ito, Juliana Tiyaki
de França Silva, Larissa Emídio
Lourenço, Juliana Dias
Almeida, Rafael Ribeiro
Santana, Fernanda Roncon
Brito, Jose Mara
Rivero, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira
Vale, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso
Prado, Carla Máximo
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Olivo, Clarice Rosa
Lopes, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos
Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title_full Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title_fullStr Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title_full_unstemmed Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title_short Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model
title_sort chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased m2-like phenotype macrophages in a ppe-induced model
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6993960/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32004356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228393
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