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Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history
A key challenge of standard ecotoxicological risk assessment is to predict the sub-lethal risk of multiple contaminants on aquatic organisms. Our study assessed the sub-lethal mixture toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Daphnia pulex and included manipulations of food level and assessment of...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6994431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31768955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06622-9 |
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author | Sadeq, Shlair A. Beckerman, Andrew P. |
author_facet | Sadeq, Shlair A. Beckerman, Andrew P. |
author_sort | Sadeq, Shlair A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A key challenge of standard ecotoxicological risk assessment is to predict the sub-lethal risk of multiple contaminants on aquatic organisms. Our study assessed the sub-lethal mixture toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Daphnia pulex and included manipulations of food level and assessment of three genotypes. We investigated the interaction between essential (Cu) and non-essential (Cd) metals on ingestion rate, reproduction, maturation time, size at maturity and somatic growth rate of three D. pulex genotypes, over 21 days and under standard and high food conditions. We explored the potential interaction of the metals on ingestion and life history by implementing a response surface experimental design combining control and two levels of Cu and Cd and their combinations. Overall, both metals reduced ingestion rates, reduced reproduction, delayed maturation, reduced body size at maturity and lowered somatic growth rate. Our results further indicated pervasive interactions between the metals; numerous instances where the effects of each metal were non-linear; the effect of a metal varied by D. pulex food levels (ingestion rate and size at maturity), and the effect of a metal varied by genotypes (reproduction). Apart from the maturation time and somatic growth rate, our results suggest that life history traits are affected in non-additive ways by three factors that are often discussed and rarely estimated together: mixtures of metals, genotypes and resource levels. Our data that are derived from exposing daphnids to two metals highlight how metals interact with each other and the context of food resource and genetic variation. While interactions make it harder to generate predictions, and ultimately water quality regulations about the effects of metals, those detected in this study appear to be tractable. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6994431 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69944312020-02-14 Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history Sadeq, Shlair A. Beckerman, Andrew P. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article A key challenge of standard ecotoxicological risk assessment is to predict the sub-lethal risk of multiple contaminants on aquatic organisms. Our study assessed the sub-lethal mixture toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Daphnia pulex and included manipulations of food level and assessment of three genotypes. We investigated the interaction between essential (Cu) and non-essential (Cd) metals on ingestion rate, reproduction, maturation time, size at maturity and somatic growth rate of three D. pulex genotypes, over 21 days and under standard and high food conditions. We explored the potential interaction of the metals on ingestion and life history by implementing a response surface experimental design combining control and two levels of Cu and Cd and their combinations. Overall, both metals reduced ingestion rates, reduced reproduction, delayed maturation, reduced body size at maturity and lowered somatic growth rate. Our results further indicated pervasive interactions between the metals; numerous instances where the effects of each metal were non-linear; the effect of a metal varied by D. pulex food levels (ingestion rate and size at maturity), and the effect of a metal varied by genotypes (reproduction). Apart from the maturation time and somatic growth rate, our results suggest that life history traits are affected in non-additive ways by three factors that are often discussed and rarely estimated together: mixtures of metals, genotypes and resource levels. Our data that are derived from exposing daphnids to two metals highlight how metals interact with each other and the context of food resource and genetic variation. While interactions make it harder to generate predictions, and ultimately water quality regulations about the effects of metals, those detected in this study appear to be tractable. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-11-25 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC6994431/ /pubmed/31768955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06622-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sadeq, Shlair A. Beckerman, Andrew P. Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title | Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title_full | Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title_fullStr | Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title_short | Evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on Daphnia pulex life history |
title_sort | evaluating additive versus interactive effects of copper and cadmium on daphnia pulex life history |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6994431/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31768955 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06622-9 |
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