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Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair
The duplication of the eukaryotic genome is an intricate process that has to be tightly safe‐guarded. One of the most frequently occurring errors during DNA synthesis is the mis‐insertion of a ribonucleotide instead of a deoxyribonucleotide. Ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) is initiated by RNase...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996501/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833079 http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019102309 |
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author | Kellner, Vanessa Luke, Brian |
author_facet | Kellner, Vanessa Luke, Brian |
author_sort | Kellner, Vanessa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The duplication of the eukaryotic genome is an intricate process that has to be tightly safe‐guarded. One of the most frequently occurring errors during DNA synthesis is the mis‐insertion of a ribonucleotide instead of a deoxyribonucleotide. Ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) is initiated by RNase H2 and results in error‐free removal of such mis‐incorporated ribonucleotides. If left unrepaired, DNA‐embedded ribonucleotides result in a variety of alterations within chromosomal DNA, which ultimately lead to genome instability. Here, we review how genomic ribonucleotides lead to chromosomal aberrations and discuss how the tight regulation of RER timing may be important for preventing unwanted DNA damage. We describe the structural impact of unrepaired ribonucleotides on DNA and chromatin and comment on the potential consequences for cellular fitness. In the context of the molecular mechanisms associated with faulty RER, we have placed an emphasis on how and why increased levels of genomic ribonucleotides are associated with severe autoimmune syndromes, neuropathology, and cancer. In addition, we discuss therapeutic directions that could be followed for pathologies associated with defective removal of ribonucleotides from double‐stranded DNA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6996501 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69965012020-02-05 Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair Kellner, Vanessa Luke, Brian EMBO J Review The duplication of the eukaryotic genome is an intricate process that has to be tightly safe‐guarded. One of the most frequently occurring errors during DNA synthesis is the mis‐insertion of a ribonucleotide instead of a deoxyribonucleotide. Ribonucleotide excision repair (RER) is initiated by RNase H2 and results in error‐free removal of such mis‐incorporated ribonucleotides. If left unrepaired, DNA‐embedded ribonucleotides result in a variety of alterations within chromosomal DNA, which ultimately lead to genome instability. Here, we review how genomic ribonucleotides lead to chromosomal aberrations and discuss how the tight regulation of RER timing may be important for preventing unwanted DNA damage. We describe the structural impact of unrepaired ribonucleotides on DNA and chromatin and comment on the potential consequences for cellular fitness. In the context of the molecular mechanisms associated with faulty RER, we have placed an emphasis on how and why increased levels of genomic ribonucleotides are associated with severe autoimmune syndromes, neuropathology, and cancer. In addition, we discuss therapeutic directions that could be followed for pathologies associated with defective removal of ribonucleotides from double‐stranded DNA. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-12-12 2020-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6996501/ /pubmed/31833079 http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019102309 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Kellner, Vanessa Luke, Brian Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title | Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title_full | Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title_fullStr | Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title_short | Molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
title_sort | molecular and physiological consequences of faulty eukaryotic ribonucleotide excision repair |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6996501/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31833079 http://dx.doi.org/10.15252/embj.2019102309 |
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