Prognostic value of a new score using serum alkaline phosphatase and pleural effusion lactate dehydrogenase for patients with malignant pleural effusion

BACKGROUND: The objective of our study was to analyze the prognostic value of the combination of serum ALP and pleural effusion LDH (AL score) for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) patients. METHODS: This study includes retrospective, descriptive and observational research from 1 June 2006 to 1 December 2017, which aimed to identify prognostic factors related to MPE patients. We analyzed the association of various clinical features, routinely tested markers from peripheral blood and MPE at diagnosis and overall survival (OS). All MPE patients were assigned to three groups according to their AL score. The impact of the AL score and other prognostic factors were evaluated with multivariable regression. RESULTS: According to their AL score, 193 patients were assigned to three groups with 25 in group 0 (sALP < 65 U/L and pLDH < 155 U/L), 121 in group 1 (sALP > 65 U/L or pLDH > 155 U/L) and 47 (sALP > 65 U/L and pLDH > 155 U/L) in group 2. For groups 0, 1 and 2, median survival times (MST) were 23, 15 and 7 months, respectively. Among the three groups, MST, serum albumin level, C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the ratios of platelet‐to‐lymphocyte, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte showed significant differences. The counts of neutrophils, monocytes, platelets and AL score (0 vs. 1, P = 0.038, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.858, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.034, 3.339]; 0 vs. 2, P = 0.001, HR: 2.993, 95% CI: [1.556, 5.531]) were independent prognostic indicators for OS of MPE patients. CONCLUSION: AL score is a promising indicator which can be used to predict the prognosis of MPE patients. It can assist physicians in the selection of patients for appropriate palliative treatment. KEY POINTS: To our knowledge, this paper is the first study that combined two enzymes (sALP and pLDH) from serum and pleural effusion and studied the prognostic value for MPE patients. It has been proved to be a promising indicator to assist physicians select patients for appropriate palliative treatment.