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Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility
Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6997275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3 |
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author | Tramunt, Blandine Smati, Sarra Grandgeorge, Naia Lenfant, Françoise Arnal, Jean-François Montagner, Alexandra Gourdy, Pierre |
author_facet | Tramunt, Blandine Smati, Sarra Grandgeorge, Naia Lenfant, Françoise Arnal, Jean-François Montagner, Alexandra Gourdy, Pierre |
author_sort | Tramunt, Blandine |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3) contains a slideset of the figures for download, which is available to authorised users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6997275 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69972752020-02-19 Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility Tramunt, Blandine Smati, Sarra Grandgeorge, Naia Lenfant, Françoise Arnal, Jean-François Montagner, Alexandra Gourdy, Pierre Diabetologia Review Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent in men than in women, especially in middle-aged populations. In line with this, considering almost all animal models, males are more likely to develop obesity, insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia than females in response to nutritional challenges. As summarised in this review, it is now obvious that many aspects of energy balance and glucose metabolism are regulated differently in males and females and influence their predisposition to type 2 diabetes. During their reproductive life, women exhibit specificities in energy partitioning as compared with men, with carbohydrate and lipid utilisation as fuel sources that favour energy storage in subcutaneous adipose tissues and preserve them from visceral and ectopic fat accumulation. Insulin sensitivity is higher in women, who are also characterised by higher capacities for insulin secretion and incretin responses than men; although, these sex advantages all disappear when glucose tolerance deteriorates towards diabetes. Clinical and experimental observations evidence the protective actions of endogenous oestrogens, mainly through oestrogen receptor α activation in various tissues, including the brain, the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and pancreatic beta cells. However, beside sex steroids, underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated, especially the role of sex chromosomes, fetal/neonatal programming and epigenetic modifications. On the path to precision medicine, further deciphering sex-specific traits in energy balance and glucose homeostasis is indeed a priority topic to optimise individual approaches in type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3) contains a slideset of the figures for download, which is available to authorised users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2019-11-21 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC6997275/ /pubmed/31754750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Review Tramunt, Blandine Smati, Sarra Grandgeorge, Naia Lenfant, Françoise Arnal, Jean-François Montagner, Alexandra Gourdy, Pierre Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title | Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title_full | Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title_fullStr | Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title_short | Sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
title_sort | sex differences in metabolic regulation and diabetes susceptibility |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6997275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31754750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-05040-3 |
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