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Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later
The major neurological feature of prion diseases is a neuronal loss accomplished through either apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, I compared axonal alterations in prion diseases to those described 40 years earlier as a result of nerve ligation. I also demonstrated that autophagic vacuoles and...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Taylor & Francis
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7000151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1595315 |
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author | Liberski, Paweł P. |
author_facet | Liberski, Paweł P. |
author_sort | Liberski, Paweł P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The major neurological feature of prion diseases is a neuronal loss accomplished through either apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, I compared axonal alterations in prion diseases to those described 40 years earlier as a result of nerve ligation. I also demonstrated that autophagic vacuoles and autophagosomes are a major part of dystrophic neurites. Furthermore, I summarized the current status of the autophagy in prion diseases and hypothesize, that spongiform change may originate from the autophagic vacuoles. This conclusion should be supported by other methods, in particular laser confocal microscopy. We observed neuronal autophagic vacuoles in different stages of formation, and our interpretation of the ‘maturity’ of their formation may or may not equate to actual developmental stages. Initially, a part of the neuronal cytoplasm was sequestrated within double or multiple membranes (phagophores) and often exhibited increased electron-density. The intracytoplasmic membranes formed labyrinth-like structures that suggest a multiplication of those membranes. The autophagic vacuoles then expand and eventually, a vast area of the cytoplasm was transformed into a merging mass of autophagic vacuoles. Margaret R. Matthews published a long treatise in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in which she had described in great detail the ultrastructure of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion in the rat following ligation of them. The earliest changes observed by Matthews between 6 h to 2 days in the proximal stump were distensions of proximal axons. Analogously, in our models, an increased number of ‘regular’ (round) and ‘irregular’ MVB and some autophagic vacuoles were observed collectively, both processes were similar. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7000151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70001512020-02-19 Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later Liberski, Paweł P. Prion Review The major neurological feature of prion diseases is a neuronal loss accomplished through either apoptosis or autophagy. In this review, I compared axonal alterations in prion diseases to those described 40 years earlier as a result of nerve ligation. I also demonstrated that autophagic vacuoles and autophagosomes are a major part of dystrophic neurites. Furthermore, I summarized the current status of the autophagy in prion diseases and hypothesize, that spongiform change may originate from the autophagic vacuoles. This conclusion should be supported by other methods, in particular laser confocal microscopy. We observed neuronal autophagic vacuoles in different stages of formation, and our interpretation of the ‘maturity’ of their formation may or may not equate to actual developmental stages. Initially, a part of the neuronal cytoplasm was sequestrated within double or multiple membranes (phagophores) and often exhibited increased electron-density. The intracytoplasmic membranes formed labyrinth-like structures that suggest a multiplication of those membranes. The autophagic vacuoles then expand and eventually, a vast area of the cytoplasm was transformed into a merging mass of autophagic vacuoles. Margaret R. Matthews published a long treatise in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London in which she had described in great detail the ultrastructure of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion in the rat following ligation of them. The earliest changes observed by Matthews between 6 h to 2 days in the proximal stump were distensions of proximal axons. Analogously, in our models, an increased number of ‘regular’ (round) and ‘irregular’ MVB and some autophagic vacuoles were observed collectively, both processes were similar. Taylor & Francis 2019-04-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7000151/ /pubmed/30966865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1595315 Text en © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Liberski, Paweł P. Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title | Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title_full | Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title_fullStr | Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title_full_unstemmed | Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title_short | Axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
title_sort | axonal changes in experimental prion diseases recapitulate those following constriction of postganglionic branches of the superior cervical ganglion: a comparison 40 years later |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7000151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966865 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2019.1595315 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT liberskipawełp axonalchangesinexperimentalpriondiseasesrecapitulatethosefollowingconstrictionofpostganglionicbranchesofthesuperiorcervicalganglionacomparison40yearslater |