Influencing factors and application prospects of CO(2) flooding in heterogeneous glutenite reservoirs

In recent years, large amounts of CO(2) emissions have led to many environmental problems. Developing a reasonable approach to carbon dioxide emissions is one of the most important issues for the sustainable development of human civilization. Compared with CO(2) geological storage, CO(2) flooding has greater advantages and a higher utilization efficiency. CO(2) flooding technology has been successfully applied to many types of reservoirs, such as conventional sandstone reservoirs, low-permeability reservoirs, and carbonates. In this paper, the feasibility of CO(2) flooding in glutenite reservoirs is studied. First, the glutenite reservoir is divided into fine stages, and reasonable vertical development units are determined. On this basis, the distribution scale, genetic environment and formation mode of the glutenite reservoir are characterized in detail and their spatial distribution rules are depicted in three dimensions. Then, the influencing factors of CO(2) flooding in the glutenite reservoir are analysed via reservoir numerical simulation technology. The effects of reservoir thickness, reservoir heterogeneity, macropores, dominant channels and fracturing on CO(2) flooding efficiency are evaluated individually, and a set of reasonable parameters constituting an evaluation system for CO(2) flooding in the glutenite reservoir is established. Finally, based on parameter optimization, the disadvantaged conditions of CO(2) flooding in glutenite reservoirs are optimized, and their effects are gradually eliminated. In view of the characteristics of glutenite reservoirs, a unique three-dimensional well pattern arrangement is designed, different injection modes are optimized, and suitable injection agents are tested. These methods are conducive to improving the effect of reservoir parameters on CO(2) flooding efficiency, allowing these reservoirs to be used for CO(2) flooding. Based on these new methods, the displacement effect of the Yanjia-Yongan glutenite reservoir is predicted. Our results show that the reservoir has been developed efficiently and achieved a high recovery rate, the displacement front of the CO(2) has become more uniform, and the sweep range has become wider. After extending the successful application of CO(2) flooding in this reservoir to all of the glutenite reservoirs in the entirety of the Bohaiwan Basin, we predict that the oil recovery rate may reach 40%, with a cumulative oil recovery rate of approximately 3.04 × 10(8) t and a total CO(2) consumption of 1.672 × 10(8) t. Thus, the proposed approach not only can improve the atmospheric environment but can also greatly improve the efficiency of oil displacement.