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Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults
BACKGROUND: Child pedestrian injuries in China result from crashes not just with cars. We considered how Chinese youth and young adults perceive pedestrian risk from four vehicle types-bicycles, electric bicycles, cars, buses—evaluating perceptions for two factors that may influence pedestrian behav...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7001610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786578 http://dx.doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v12i1.1243 |
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author | Yu, Sophie Wu, Yue Mrug, Sylvie Wang, Huarong Ridley, Scarlett Hu, Guoqing Schwebel, David C. |
author_facet | Yu, Sophie Wu, Yue Mrug, Sylvie Wang, Huarong Ridley, Scarlett Hu, Guoqing Schwebel, David C. |
author_sort | Yu, Sophie |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Child pedestrian injuries in China result from crashes not just with cars. We considered how Chinese youth and young adults perceive pedestrian risk from four vehicle types-bicycles, electric bicycles, cars, buses—evaluating perceptions for two factors that may influence pedestrian behavior and risk-taking, perception of road environment risk and responsibility to avoid crashes. Understanding how pedestrians perceive risk, and how these perceptions change as children grow older, could guide prevention efforts. METHODS: 383 children (grades 3-4, 5-6, 8) and university students completed self-report surveys. We analyzed overall responses, plus age/gender differences in risk perception and responsibility attribution, across vehicle types and number of vehicles approaching, using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. RESULTS: Overall, larger vehicles were perceived as riskier (p less than .001). Compared tochildren, university students perceived bicycles and electric bicycles as less risky (Mean=2.66 vs. 3.69, 3.34 vs. 3.62, respectively, p less than .05). Cars and buses were perceived as equally risky across age groups. Across all vehicle types and number of vehicles traversing the road, both children and young adults perceived more pedestrian responsibility to avoid collisions relative to drivers (p less than .001). Children attributed less personal responsibility to avoid pedestrian-vehicle crashes than university students (e.g., buses odds ratio (OR)=0.20, p less than .001; OR=0.26, p less than .01; OR=0.28, p less than .01 for third/fourth, fifth/sixth, eighth graders, respectively). University students and fifth/sixth graders also identified greater pedestrian responsibility to avoid collisions with multiple vs. one vehicle approaching (e.g., university students/cars OR=4.17, p less than .001). CONCLUSIONS: We discuss cognitive and perceptual development factors in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood that may contribute to differences in risk perception and responsibility attribution among Chinese pedestrians and suggest future research should explore those processes and subsequently develop evidence-based interventions to reduce pedestrian injury risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7001610 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70016102020-02-10 Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults Yu, Sophie Wu, Yue Mrug, Sylvie Wang, Huarong Ridley, Scarlett Hu, Guoqing Schwebel, David C. J Inj Violence Res Injury &Violence BACKGROUND: Child pedestrian injuries in China result from crashes not just with cars. We considered how Chinese youth and young adults perceive pedestrian risk from four vehicle types-bicycles, electric bicycles, cars, buses—evaluating perceptions for two factors that may influence pedestrian behavior and risk-taking, perception of road environment risk and responsibility to avoid crashes. Understanding how pedestrians perceive risk, and how these perceptions change as children grow older, could guide prevention efforts. METHODS: 383 children (grades 3-4, 5-6, 8) and university students completed self-report surveys. We analyzed overall responses, plus age/gender differences in risk perception and responsibility attribution, across vehicle types and number of vehicles approaching, using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. RESULTS: Overall, larger vehicles were perceived as riskier (p less than .001). Compared tochildren, university students perceived bicycles and electric bicycles as less risky (Mean=2.66 vs. 3.69, 3.34 vs. 3.62, respectively, p less than .05). Cars and buses were perceived as equally risky across age groups. Across all vehicle types and number of vehicles traversing the road, both children and young adults perceived more pedestrian responsibility to avoid collisions relative to drivers (p less than .001). Children attributed less personal responsibility to avoid pedestrian-vehicle crashes than university students (e.g., buses odds ratio (OR)=0.20, p less than .001; OR=0.26, p less than .01; OR=0.28, p less than .01 for third/fourth, fifth/sixth, eighth graders, respectively). University students and fifth/sixth graders also identified greater pedestrian responsibility to avoid collisions with multiple vs. one vehicle approaching (e.g., university students/cars OR=4.17, p less than .001). CONCLUSIONS: We discuss cognitive and perceptual development factors in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood that may contribute to differences in risk perception and responsibility attribution among Chinese pedestrians and suggest future research should explore those processes and subsequently develop evidence-based interventions to reduce pedestrian injury risk. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences 2020-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7001610/ /pubmed/31786578 http://dx.doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v12i1.1243 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Injury &Violence Yu, Sophie Wu, Yue Mrug, Sylvie Wang, Huarong Ridley, Scarlett Hu, Guoqing Schwebel, David C. Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title | Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title_full | Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title_fullStr | Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title_full_unstemmed | Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title_short | Pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
title_sort | pedestrian-vehicle crashes: risk perception and responsibility attribution among children, adolescents and adults |
topic | Injury &Violence |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7001610/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31786578 http://dx.doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v12i1.1243 |
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