Cancer/testis antigen, Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 and ABCD stratification for diagnosing gastric cancers

BACKGROUND: The ABCD stratification [(combination of serum pepsinogen (PG) levels and titers of antibody (immunoglobulin G, IgG) against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)] is effective for the classification of individuals at risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). The Kita–Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) is a Cancer/Testis antigen frequently expressed in GC. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of KK-LC-1 and ABCD stratification in the diagnosis of GC. METHODS: We analyzed the gene expression of KK-LC-1 in surgical specimens obtained from GC tumors. The levels of serum PG I/PG II and IgG against H. pylori were measured. According to their serological status, the patients were classified into the four groups of the ABCD stratification. RESULTS: Of the 77 examined patients, 63 (81.8%) expressed KK-LC-1. The IgG titers of H. pylori and PG II were significantly higher in patients expressing KK-LC-1 than those measured in patients not expressing KK-LC-1 (P = 0.0289 and P = 0.0041, respectively). The expression of KK-LC-1 in group C [PG method (+)/H. pylori infection (+)] was as high as 93.9% high. KK-LC-1 was also detected in group A [-/-]. CONCLUSION: The KK-LC-1 expression in GC was associated with H. pylori infection and atrophic status, so that, KK-LC-1 may be a useful marker for the diagnosis of GC.