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Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats

Viruses infect all forms of life and play critical roles as agents of disease, drivers of biochemical cycles and sources of genetic diversity for their hosts. Our understanding of viral diversity derives primarily from comparisons among host species, precluding insight into how intraspecific variati...

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Autores principales: Bergner, Laura M., Orton, Richard J., Benavides, Julio A., Becker, Daniel J., Tello, Carlos, Biek, Roman, Streicker, Daniel G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7004108/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31561274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15250
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author Bergner, Laura M.
Orton, Richard J.
Benavides, Julio A.
Becker, Daniel J.
Tello, Carlos
Biek, Roman
Streicker, Daniel G.
author_facet Bergner, Laura M.
Orton, Richard J.
Benavides, Julio A.
Becker, Daniel J.
Tello, Carlos
Biek, Roman
Streicker, Daniel G.
author_sort Bergner, Laura M.
collection PubMed
description Viruses infect all forms of life and play critical roles as agents of disease, drivers of biochemical cycles and sources of genetic diversity for their hosts. Our understanding of viral diversity derives primarily from comparisons among host species, precluding insight into how intraspecific variation in host ecology affects viral communities or how predictable viral communities are across populations. Here we test spatial, demographic and environmental hypotheses explaining viral richness and community composition across populations of common vampire bats, which occur in diverse habitats of North, Central and South America. We demonstrate marked variation in viral communities that was not consistently predicted by a null model of declining community similarity with increasing spatial or genetic distances separating populations. We also find no evidence that larger bat colonies host greater viral diversity. Instead, viral diversity follows an elevational gradient, is enriched by juvenile‐biased age structure, and declines with local anthropogenic food resources as measured by livestock density. Our results establish the value of linking the modern influx of metagenomic sequence data with comparative ecology, reveal that snapshot views of viral diversity are unlikely to be representative at the species level, and affirm existing ecological theories that link host ecology not only to single pathogen dynamics but also to viral communities.
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spelling pubmed-70041082020-02-11 Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats Bergner, Laura M. Orton, Richard J. Benavides, Julio A. Becker, Daniel J. Tello, Carlos Biek, Roman Streicker, Daniel G. Mol Ecol From the Cover Viruses infect all forms of life and play critical roles as agents of disease, drivers of biochemical cycles and sources of genetic diversity for their hosts. Our understanding of viral diversity derives primarily from comparisons among host species, precluding insight into how intraspecific variation in host ecology affects viral communities or how predictable viral communities are across populations. Here we test spatial, demographic and environmental hypotheses explaining viral richness and community composition across populations of common vampire bats, which occur in diverse habitats of North, Central and South America. We demonstrate marked variation in viral communities that was not consistently predicted by a null model of declining community similarity with increasing spatial or genetic distances separating populations. We also find no evidence that larger bat colonies host greater viral diversity. Instead, viral diversity follows an elevational gradient, is enriched by juvenile‐biased age structure, and declines with local anthropogenic food resources as measured by livestock density. Our results establish the value of linking the modern influx of metagenomic sequence data with comparative ecology, reveal that snapshot views of viral diversity are unlikely to be representative at the species level, and affirm existing ecological theories that link host ecology not only to single pathogen dynamics but also to viral communities. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-10-23 2020-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7004108/ /pubmed/31561274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15250 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle From the Cover
Bergner, Laura M.
Orton, Richard J.
Benavides, Julio A.
Becker, Daniel J.
Tello, Carlos
Biek, Roman
Streicker, Daniel G.
Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title_full Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title_fullStr Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title_full_unstemmed Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title_short Demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
title_sort demographic and environmental drivers of metagenomic viral diversity in vampire bats
topic From the Cover
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7004108/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31561274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15250
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