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Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey
Giardia duodenalis is one of the main enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal disease. In developing countries, giardiasis is a major public health concern, particularly in children under five years of age. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis causin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7004373/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027684 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228317 |
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author | Rafiei, Abdollah Baghlaninezhad, Raheleh Köster, Pamela C. Bailo, Begoña Hernández de Mingo, Marta Carmena, David Panabad, Esmat Beiromvand, Molouk |
author_facet | Rafiei, Abdollah Baghlaninezhad, Raheleh Köster, Pamela C. Bailo, Begoña Hernández de Mingo, Marta Carmena, David Panabad, Esmat Beiromvand, Molouk |
author_sort | Rafiei, Abdollah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Giardia duodenalis is one of the main enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal disease. In developing countries, giardiasis is a major public health concern, particularly in children under five years of age. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis causing human infections in Shushtar County, Southwestern Iran. Individual faecal specimens were collected from 1,163 individuals (male/female ratio: 0.9; age range 2–75 years) with (n = 258) and without (n = 905) gastrointestinal symptoms living in rural and urban settings during the period 2017–2018. Conventional (sucrose flotation and microscopy) methods were used for the initial detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal specimens. Microscopy-positive samples were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the small subunit rRNA (ssu rRNA) gene of the parasite. A multilocus genotyping (MLG) scheme targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and the beta-giardin (bg) genes was used for genotyping purposes. Giardia duodenalis cysts were detected in 7.7% (90/1,163) of samples by microscopy, of which 82 were confirmed by ssu-PCR. Successful amplification and sequencing results were obtained for 23.2% (19/82), 9.8% (8/82), and 8.5% (7/82) of the confirmed samples at the tpi, gdh, and bg loci, respectively. MLG data for the three loci were available for two samples only. Out of the 24 samples genotyped at any loci, 50% (12/24) were identified as assemblage A and the remaining half as assemblage B. Overall, AII was the most prevalent sub-assemblage detected (41.7%, 10/24), followed by BIII (25.0%, 6/24), discordant BIII/BIV (5/24) or AII/AIII (2/24) sequences, and BIV (1/24). No significant correlation was demonstrated between a given assemblage/sub-assemblage and the occurrence of clinical symptoms. No genotypes adapted to animal hosts other than humans (e.g. assemblages C-F) were found circulating in the investigated human population, suggesting that transmission of human giardiasis in this Iranian region is primarily of anthroponotic nature. Further molecular-based studies are needed to confirm and expand these results, and to ascertain the presence and public health relevance of the parasite in environmental (e.g. drinking water) samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7004373 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70043732020-02-19 Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey Rafiei, Abdollah Baghlaninezhad, Raheleh Köster, Pamela C. Bailo, Begoña Hernández de Mingo, Marta Carmena, David Panabad, Esmat Beiromvand, Molouk PLoS One Research Article Giardia duodenalis is one of the main enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal disease. In developing countries, giardiasis is a major public health concern, particularly in children under five years of age. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis causing human infections in Shushtar County, Southwestern Iran. Individual faecal specimens were collected from 1,163 individuals (male/female ratio: 0.9; age range 2–75 years) with (n = 258) and without (n = 905) gastrointestinal symptoms living in rural and urban settings during the period 2017–2018. Conventional (sucrose flotation and microscopy) methods were used for the initial detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal specimens. Microscopy-positive samples were confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing of the small subunit rRNA (ssu rRNA) gene of the parasite. A multilocus genotyping (MLG) scheme targeting the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and the beta-giardin (bg) genes was used for genotyping purposes. Giardia duodenalis cysts were detected in 7.7% (90/1,163) of samples by microscopy, of which 82 were confirmed by ssu-PCR. Successful amplification and sequencing results were obtained for 23.2% (19/82), 9.8% (8/82), and 8.5% (7/82) of the confirmed samples at the tpi, gdh, and bg loci, respectively. MLG data for the three loci were available for two samples only. Out of the 24 samples genotyped at any loci, 50% (12/24) were identified as assemblage A and the remaining half as assemblage B. Overall, AII was the most prevalent sub-assemblage detected (41.7%, 10/24), followed by BIII (25.0%, 6/24), discordant BIII/BIV (5/24) or AII/AIII (2/24) sequences, and BIV (1/24). No significant correlation was demonstrated between a given assemblage/sub-assemblage and the occurrence of clinical symptoms. No genotypes adapted to animal hosts other than humans (e.g. assemblages C-F) were found circulating in the investigated human population, suggesting that transmission of human giardiasis in this Iranian region is primarily of anthroponotic nature. Further molecular-based studies are needed to confirm and expand these results, and to ascertain the presence and public health relevance of the parasite in environmental (e.g. drinking water) samples. Public Library of Science 2020-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7004373/ /pubmed/32027684 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228317 Text en © 2020 Rafiei et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Rafiei, Abdollah Baghlaninezhad, Raheleh Köster, Pamela C. Bailo, Begoña Hernández de Mingo, Marta Carmena, David Panabad, Esmat Beiromvand, Molouk Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title | Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title_full | Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title_fullStr | Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title_short | Multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Southwestern Iran. A community survey |
title_sort | multilocus genotyping of giardia duodenalis in southwestern iran. a community survey |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7004373/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32027684 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228317 |
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