Effect of alkaline phosphatase on sepsis-associated acute kidney injury patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate kidney function in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) on alkaline phosphatase (AP) therapy. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched electronically from inception until May 4, 2019 and randomized controlled studies assessing AP treatment in patients with SA-AKI were included. Pool analyses with fixed effects or random effects models calculated pooled mean, standard deviation, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials involving AP therapy for 392 patients with SA-AKI were included. AP had a positive effect on endogenous creatinine clearance (ECC) in patients with SA-AKI at day 14 (random effects: mean difference = 10.56, 95% CI = 2.27–18.84, P = .01) and day 28 (random effects: mean difference = 14.30, 95% CI = 6.27–22.33, P = .0005). All-cause mortality at day 28 (fixed effects: OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40–0.97, P = .04) and day 90 (fixed effects: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39–0.96, P = .03) improved. Plasma creatinine level (fixed effects: mean difference = −76.83, 95% CI = −146.92 to −6.74, P = .03) and biomarkers level (random effects: mean difference = −6.57, 95% CI = −10.74 to −2.40, P < .00001) also improved in the therapy group compared with placebo. CONCLUSION: In patients with SA-AKI, AP showed a relatively late protective effect by improving ECC at days 7, 14, and 28. ECC level improved when patients received AP dose of 0.212 mg/kg. Mortality improved at days 28 and 90, respectively, when patients received AP dose of 1.6 mg/kg. Levels of overall AKI biomarkers were improved in short term.