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Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a method of additive manufacturing characterized by the rapid scanning of a high powered laser over a thin bed of metallic powder to create a single layer, which may then be built upon to form larger structures. Much of the melting, resolidification, and subsequent...

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Autores principales: Thampy, Vivek, Fong, Anthony Y., Calta, Nicholas P., Wang, Jenny, Martin, Aiden A., Depond, Philip J., Kiss, Andrew M., Guss, Gabe, Xing, Qingfeng, Ott, Ryan T., van Buuren, Anthony, Toney, Michael F., Weker, Johanna Nelson, Kramer, Matthew J., Matthews, Manyalibo J., Tassone, Christopher J., Stone, Kevin H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7005153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32029753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58598-z
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author Thampy, Vivek
Fong, Anthony Y.
Calta, Nicholas P.
Wang, Jenny
Martin, Aiden A.
Depond, Philip J.
Kiss, Andrew M.
Guss, Gabe
Xing, Qingfeng
Ott, Ryan T.
van Buuren, Anthony
Toney, Michael F.
Weker, Johanna Nelson
Kramer, Matthew J.
Matthews, Manyalibo J.
Tassone, Christopher J.
Stone, Kevin H.
author_facet Thampy, Vivek
Fong, Anthony Y.
Calta, Nicholas P.
Wang, Jenny
Martin, Aiden A.
Depond, Philip J.
Kiss, Andrew M.
Guss, Gabe
Xing, Qingfeng
Ott, Ryan T.
van Buuren, Anthony
Toney, Michael F.
Weker, Johanna Nelson
Kramer, Matthew J.
Matthews, Manyalibo J.
Tassone, Christopher J.
Stone, Kevin H.
author_sort Thampy, Vivek
collection PubMed
description Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a method of additive manufacturing characterized by the rapid scanning of a high powered laser over a thin bed of metallic powder to create a single layer, which may then be built upon to form larger structures. Much of the melting, resolidification, and subsequent cooling take place at much higher rates and with much higher thermal gradients than in traditional metallurgical processes, with much of this occurring below the surface. We have used in situ high speed X-ray diffraction to extract subsurface cooling rates following resolidification from the melt and above the β-transus in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. We observe an inverse relationship with laser power and bulk cooling rates. The measured cooling rates are seen to correlate to the level of residual strain borne by the minority β-Ti phase with increased strain at slower cooling rates. The α-Ti phase shows a lattice contraction which is invariant with cooling rate. We also observe a broadening of the diffraction peaks which is greater for the β-Ti phase at slower cooling rates and a change in the relative phase fraction following LPBF. These results provide a direct measure of the subsurface thermal history and demonstrate its importance to the ultimate quality of additively manufactured materials.
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spelling pubmed-70051532020-02-18 Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing Thampy, Vivek Fong, Anthony Y. Calta, Nicholas P. Wang, Jenny Martin, Aiden A. Depond, Philip J. Kiss, Andrew M. Guss, Gabe Xing, Qingfeng Ott, Ryan T. van Buuren, Anthony Toney, Michael F. Weker, Johanna Nelson Kramer, Matthew J. Matthews, Manyalibo J. Tassone, Christopher J. Stone, Kevin H. Sci Rep Article Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a method of additive manufacturing characterized by the rapid scanning of a high powered laser over a thin bed of metallic powder to create a single layer, which may then be built upon to form larger structures. Much of the melting, resolidification, and subsequent cooling take place at much higher rates and with much higher thermal gradients than in traditional metallurgical processes, with much of this occurring below the surface. We have used in situ high speed X-ray diffraction to extract subsurface cooling rates following resolidification from the melt and above the β-transus in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. We observe an inverse relationship with laser power and bulk cooling rates. The measured cooling rates are seen to correlate to the level of residual strain borne by the minority β-Ti phase with increased strain at slower cooling rates. The α-Ti phase shows a lattice contraction which is invariant with cooling rate. We also observe a broadening of the diffraction peaks which is greater for the β-Ti phase at slower cooling rates and a change in the relative phase fraction following LPBF. These results provide a direct measure of the subsurface thermal history and demonstrate its importance to the ultimate quality of additively manufactured materials. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC7005153/ /pubmed/32029753 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58598-z Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Thampy, Vivek
Fong, Anthony Y.
Calta, Nicholas P.
Wang, Jenny
Martin, Aiden A.
Depond, Philip J.
Kiss, Andrew M.
Guss, Gabe
Xing, Qingfeng
Ott, Ryan T.
van Buuren, Anthony
Toney, Michael F.
Weker, Johanna Nelson
Kramer, Matthew J.
Matthews, Manyalibo J.
Tassone, Christopher J.
Stone, Kevin H.
Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title_full Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title_fullStr Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title_short Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing
title_sort subsurface cooling rates and microstructural response during laser based metal additive manufacturing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7005153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32029753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58598-z
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