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Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes

Hieracium pilosella and H. aurantiacum are invading alpine regions in New South Wales, Australia. In a glasshouse experiment we investigated germination and growth rates of these two species at temperatures simulating the altitudes where invasions are occurring from autumn to spring. We measured ger...

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Autores principales: French, Kris, Watts, Eva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7005714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32034253
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58914-7
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author French, Kris
Watts, Eva
author_facet French, Kris
Watts, Eva
author_sort French, Kris
collection PubMed
description Hieracium pilosella and H. aurantiacum are invading alpine regions in New South Wales, Australia. In a glasshouse experiment we investigated germination and growth rates of these two species at temperatures simulating the altitudes where invasions are occurring from autumn to spring. We measured germination rates, growth rates and the development of stolons and ramets using seedlings and plantlets from established plants. Germination was low in H. aurantiacum and unaffected by altitude or seed age. H. pilosella showed site to site variability in germination but had greater germination. No species produced flower spikes. Both species grew rapidly and put at least twice as much biomass into roots compared to shoots. H. aurantiacum could begin to produce stolons after 27 days and seedlings grew a little larger than for H. pilosella. Hieracium aurantiacum put significantly more resources into ramets, allocating between 4–15% of biomass. H. pilosella produced 2.6 stolons month(−1), in contrast to 9.8 stolons month(−1) for H. aurantiacum. Furthermore, plantlets from established plants had vastly different growth rates. Plantlets of H. aurantiacum produced 2.1 leaves day(−1) from late summer to winter where H. pilosella was 3 times slower for the same period but faster following winter. Both species were able to maintain strong growth over cooler months suggesting hawkweeds have the capacity for fast growth in the invaded range under high nutrients and lower competition. H. aurantiacum is likely to be a more effective invader than H. pilosella spreading through stolons and the development of weed mats.
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spelling pubmed-70057142020-02-18 Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes French, Kris Watts, Eva Sci Rep Article Hieracium pilosella and H. aurantiacum are invading alpine regions in New South Wales, Australia. In a glasshouse experiment we investigated germination and growth rates of these two species at temperatures simulating the altitudes where invasions are occurring from autumn to spring. We measured germination rates, growth rates and the development of stolons and ramets using seedlings and plantlets from established plants. Germination was low in H. aurantiacum and unaffected by altitude or seed age. H. pilosella showed site to site variability in germination but had greater germination. No species produced flower spikes. Both species grew rapidly and put at least twice as much biomass into roots compared to shoots. H. aurantiacum could begin to produce stolons after 27 days and seedlings grew a little larger than for H. pilosella. Hieracium aurantiacum put significantly more resources into ramets, allocating between 4–15% of biomass. H. pilosella produced 2.6 stolons month(−1), in contrast to 9.8 stolons month(−1) for H. aurantiacum. Furthermore, plantlets from established plants had vastly different growth rates. Plantlets of H. aurantiacum produced 2.1 leaves day(−1) from late summer to winter where H. pilosella was 3 times slower for the same period but faster following winter. Both species were able to maintain strong growth over cooler months suggesting hawkweeds have the capacity for fast growth in the invaded range under high nutrients and lower competition. H. aurantiacum is likely to be a more effective invader than H. pilosella spreading through stolons and the development of weed mats. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7005714/ /pubmed/32034253 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58914-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
French, Kris
Watts, Eva
Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title_full Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title_fullStr Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title_full_unstemmed Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title_short Differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
title_sort differences in vegetative growth of two invasive hawkweeds at temperatures simulating invaded habitats at two altitudes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7005714/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32034253
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58914-7
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