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Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study
Background: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels. Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in gender equity in three countries: China, Nepal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7006713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31937206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1712147 |
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author | Nguyen, Tuan T. Darnell, Ashley Weissman, Amy Frongillo, Edward A. Mathisen, Roger Lapping, Karin Mastro, Timothy D. Withers, Mellissa |
author_facet | Nguyen, Tuan T. Darnell, Ashley Weissman, Amy Frongillo, Edward A. Mathisen, Roger Lapping, Karin Mastro, Timothy D. Withers, Mellissa |
author_sort | Nguyen, Tuan T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels. Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in gender equity in three countries: China, Nepal, and Nicaragua. Methods: To assess gender equity trends, we used the Gender Gap Index (GGI) from the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report (2006–2017). The GGI incorporated data on economic participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment for almost 150 countries. We selected China, Nepal, and Nicaragua because of their major changes in GGI and diversity in geographical location and economic status. We reviewed major social, economic, and political events during 2006–2017, and identified key events in each country. We compared countries’ GGI with matched controls average using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Nepal and Nicaragua both had dramatic increases in GGI (improvement in equity), Nepal (β = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.056) and Nicaragua (β = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.065). This was strongly influenced by political empowerment, which likely impacted access to education and employment opportunities. Despite major economic growth and new policies to address gender inequities (e.g. the One-Child Policy), China saw a significant decline in GGI between 2010 and 2017 (β = −0.014; 95% CI: −0.024, −0.004), largely resulting from decreased gender equity in educational attainment, economic participation, and health/survival sub-indices. Conclusions: Key social, economic, and political events helped explain trends in countries’ gender equity. Our study suggested that supportive social and political environments would play important roles in empowering women, which would advance human rights and promote health and well-being of individuals, households, communities, and countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7006713 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70067132020-02-20 Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study Nguyen, Tuan T. Darnell, Ashley Weissman, Amy Frongillo, Edward A. Mathisen, Roger Lapping, Karin Mastro, Timothy D. Withers, Mellissa Glob Health Action Research Article Background: Progress in gender equity can improve health at the individual and country levels. Objectives: This study’s objective was to analyze recent trends in gender equity and identify historical and contextual factors that contributed to changes in gender equity in three countries: China, Nepal, and Nicaragua. Methods: To assess gender equity trends, we used the Gender Gap Index (GGI) from the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report (2006–2017). The GGI incorporated data on economic participation, educational attainment, health, and political empowerment for almost 150 countries. We selected China, Nepal, and Nicaragua because of their major changes in GGI and diversity in geographical location and economic status. We reviewed major social, economic, and political events during 2006–2017, and identified key events in each country. We compared countries’ GGI with matched controls average using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Nepal and Nicaragua both had dramatic increases in GGI (improvement in equity), Nepal (β = 0.029; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.056) and Nicaragua (β = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.065). This was strongly influenced by political empowerment, which likely impacted access to education and employment opportunities. Despite major economic growth and new policies to address gender inequities (e.g. the One-Child Policy), China saw a significant decline in GGI between 2010 and 2017 (β = −0.014; 95% CI: −0.024, −0.004), largely resulting from decreased gender equity in educational attainment, economic participation, and health/survival sub-indices. Conclusions: Key social, economic, and political events helped explain trends in countries’ gender equity. Our study suggested that supportive social and political environments would play important roles in empowering women, which would advance human rights and promote health and well-being of individuals, households, communities, and countries. Taylor & Francis 2020-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7006713/ /pubmed/31937206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1712147 Text en © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nguyen, Tuan T. Darnell, Ashley Weissman, Amy Frongillo, Edward A. Mathisen, Roger Lapping, Karin Mastro, Timothy D. Withers, Mellissa Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title | Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title_full | Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title_fullStr | Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title_full_unstemmed | Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title_short | Social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in China, Nepal, and Nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
title_sort | social, economic, and political events affect gender equity in china, nepal, and nicaragua: a matched, interrupted time-series study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7006713/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31937206 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1712147 |
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