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Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition

[Image: see text] Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have the potential to enable low-cost, flexible, and efficient solar cells for a wide range of applications. Physical vapor deposition by co-evaporation of precursors is a method that results in very smooth and pinhole-free perovskite thin fil...

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Autores principales: Borchert, Juliane, Levchuk, Ievgen, Snoek, Lavina C., Rothmann, Mathias Uller, Haver, Renée, Snaith, Henry J., Brabec, Christoph J., Herz, Laura M., Johnston, Michael B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7007011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31314481
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07619
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author Borchert, Juliane
Levchuk, Ievgen
Snoek, Lavina C.
Rothmann, Mathias Uller
Haver, Renée
Snaith, Henry J.
Brabec, Christoph J.
Herz, Laura M.
Johnston, Michael B.
author_facet Borchert, Juliane
Levchuk, Ievgen
Snoek, Lavina C.
Rothmann, Mathias Uller
Haver, Renée
Snaith, Henry J.
Brabec, Christoph J.
Herz, Laura M.
Johnston, Michael B.
author_sort Borchert, Juliane
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have the potential to enable low-cost, flexible, and efficient solar cells for a wide range of applications. Physical vapor deposition by co-evaporation of precursors is a method that results in very smooth and pinhole-free perovskite thin films and allows excellent control over film thickness and composition. However, for a deposition method to become industrially scalable, reproducible process control and high device yields are essential. Unfortunately, to date, the control and reproducibility of evaporating organic precursors such as methylammonium iodide (MAI) have proved extremely challenging. We show that the established method of controlling the evaporation rate of MAI with quartz microbalances (QMBs) is critically sensitive to the concentration of the impurities MAH(2)PO(3) and MAH(2)PO(2) that are usually present in MAI after synthesis. Therefore, controlling the deposition rate of MAI with QMBs is unreliable since the concentration of such impurities typically varies from one batch of MAI to another and even during the course of a deposition. However once reliable control of MAI deposition is achieved, we find that the presence of precursor impurities during perovskite deposition does not degrade the solar cell performance. Our results indicate that as long as precursor deposition rates are well controlled, physical vapor deposition will allow high solar cell device yields even if the purity of precursors changes from one run to another.
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spelling pubmed-70070112020-02-10 Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition Borchert, Juliane Levchuk, Ievgen Snoek, Lavina C. Rothmann, Mathias Uller Haver, Renée Snaith, Henry J. Brabec, Christoph J. Herz, Laura M. Johnston, Michael B. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces [Image: see text] Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have the potential to enable low-cost, flexible, and efficient solar cells for a wide range of applications. Physical vapor deposition by co-evaporation of precursors is a method that results in very smooth and pinhole-free perovskite thin films and allows excellent control over film thickness and composition. However, for a deposition method to become industrially scalable, reproducible process control and high device yields are essential. Unfortunately, to date, the control and reproducibility of evaporating organic precursors such as methylammonium iodide (MAI) have proved extremely challenging. We show that the established method of controlling the evaporation rate of MAI with quartz microbalances (QMBs) is critically sensitive to the concentration of the impurities MAH(2)PO(3) and MAH(2)PO(2) that are usually present in MAI after synthesis. Therefore, controlling the deposition rate of MAI with QMBs is unreliable since the concentration of such impurities typically varies from one batch of MAI to another and even during the course of a deposition. However once reliable control of MAI deposition is achieved, we find that the presence of precursor impurities during perovskite deposition does not degrade the solar cell performance. Our results indicate that as long as precursor deposition rates are well controlled, physical vapor deposition will allow high solar cell device yields even if the purity of precursors changes from one run to another. American Chemical Society 2019-07-17 2019-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7007011/ /pubmed/31314481 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07619 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
spellingShingle Borchert, Juliane
Levchuk, Ievgen
Snoek, Lavina C.
Rothmann, Mathias Uller
Haver, Renée
Snaith, Henry J.
Brabec, Christoph J.
Herz, Laura M.
Johnston, Michael B.
Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title_full Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title_fullStr Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title_full_unstemmed Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title_short Impurity Tracking Enables Enhanced Control and Reproducibility of Hybrid Perovskite Vapor Deposition
title_sort impurity tracking enables enhanced control and reproducibility of hybrid perovskite vapor deposition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7007011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31314481
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b07619
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