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WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route

[Image: see text] We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO(3–x) suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS(2) polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane...

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Autores principales: Liu, Zichen, Murphy, Alexander William Allen, Kuppe, Christian, Hooper, David Charles, Valev, Ventsislav Kolev, Ilie, Adelina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Chemical Society 2019
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7007277/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30912636
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06515
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author Liu, Zichen
Murphy, Alexander William Allen
Kuppe, Christian
Hooper, David Charles
Valev, Ventsislav Kolev
Ilie, Adelina
author_facet Liu, Zichen
Murphy, Alexander William Allen
Kuppe, Christian
Hooper, David Charles
Valev, Ventsislav Kolev
Ilie, Adelina
author_sort Liu, Zichen
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO(3–x) suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS(2) polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane (of the substrate) nanophases, with 1D nanotubes and a pure WS(2), two-dimensional (2D) nanomesh (defined as a network of webbed, micron-size, few-layer 2D sheets) at its extremes; and in-plane (parallel to the substrate) mono- and few-layer 2D domains. This entails a two-stage approach in which the 2WO(3) + 7S → 2WS(2) + 3SO(2) reaction is intentionally decoupled. First, various morphologies of nanowires or nanorods of high stoichiometry, WO(2.92)/WO(2.9) suboxides (belonging to the class of Magnéli phases) were formed, followed by their sulfurization to undergo reduction to the aforementioned WS(2) polymorphs. The continuous transition of WS(2) from nanotubes to the out-of-plane 2D nanomesh, via intermediary, mixed 1D-2D phases, delivers tunable functional properties, for example, linear and nonlinear optical properties, such as reflectivity (linked to optical excitations in the material), and second harmonic generation (SHG) and onset of saturable absorption. The SHG effect is very strong across the entire tunable class of WS(2) nanomaterials, weakest in nanotubes, and strongest in the 2D nanomesh. Furthermore, a mechanism via suboxide (WO(3–x)) intermediate as a possible path to 2D domain growth is demonstrated. 2D, in-plane WS(2) domains grow via “self-seeding and feeding” where short WO(2.92)/WO(2.9) nanorods provide both the nucleation sites and the precursor feedstock. Understanding the reaction path (here, in the W–O–S space) is an emerging approach toward controlling the nucleation, growth, and morphology of 2D domains and films of transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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spelling pubmed-70072772020-02-10 WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route Liu, Zichen Murphy, Alexander William Allen Kuppe, Christian Hooper, David Charles Valev, Ventsislav Kolev Ilie, Adelina ACS Nano [Image: see text] We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO(3–x) suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS(2) polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane (of the substrate) nanophases, with 1D nanotubes and a pure WS(2), two-dimensional (2D) nanomesh (defined as a network of webbed, micron-size, few-layer 2D sheets) at its extremes; and in-plane (parallel to the substrate) mono- and few-layer 2D domains. This entails a two-stage approach in which the 2WO(3) + 7S → 2WS(2) + 3SO(2) reaction is intentionally decoupled. First, various morphologies of nanowires or nanorods of high stoichiometry, WO(2.92)/WO(2.9) suboxides (belonging to the class of Magnéli phases) were formed, followed by their sulfurization to undergo reduction to the aforementioned WS(2) polymorphs. The continuous transition of WS(2) from nanotubes to the out-of-plane 2D nanomesh, via intermediary, mixed 1D-2D phases, delivers tunable functional properties, for example, linear and nonlinear optical properties, such as reflectivity (linked to optical excitations in the material), and second harmonic generation (SHG) and onset of saturable absorption. The SHG effect is very strong across the entire tunable class of WS(2) nanomaterials, weakest in nanotubes, and strongest in the 2D nanomesh. Furthermore, a mechanism via suboxide (WO(3–x)) intermediate as a possible path to 2D domain growth is demonstrated. 2D, in-plane WS(2) domains grow via “self-seeding and feeding” where short WO(2.92)/WO(2.9) nanorods provide both the nucleation sites and the precursor feedstock. Understanding the reaction path (here, in the W–O–S space) is an emerging approach toward controlling the nucleation, growth, and morphology of 2D domains and films of transition-metal dichalcogenides. American Chemical Society 2019-03-26 2019-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC7007277/ /pubmed/30912636 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06515 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.
spellingShingle Liu, Zichen
Murphy, Alexander William Allen
Kuppe, Christian
Hooper, David Charles
Valev, Ventsislav Kolev
Ilie, Adelina
WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title_full WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title_fullStr WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title_full_unstemmed WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title_short WS(2) Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route
title_sort ws(2) nanotubes, 2d nanomeshes, and 2d in-plane films through one single chemical vapor deposition route
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7007277/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30912636
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06515
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