Pain management protocol implementation and opioid consumption in critical care: an interrupted time series analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an opioid-sparing pain management protocol on overall opioid consumption and clinical outcomes. METHODS: This was a single-center, quasi-experimental, retrospective, before and after cohort study. We used an interrupted time series to analyze changes in the levels and trends of the utilization of different analgesics. We used bivariate comparisons in the before and after cohorts as well as logistic regression and quantile regression for adjusted estimates. RESULTS: We included 988 patients in the preintervention period and 1,838 in the postintervention period. Fentanyl consumption was slightly increasing before the intervention (β = 16; 95%CI 7 - 25; p = 0.002) but substantially decreased in level with the intervention (β = - 128; 95%CI -195 - -62; p = 0.001) and then progressively decreased (β = - 24; 95%CI -35 - -13; p < 0.001). There was an increasing trend in the utilization of dipyrone. The mechanical ventilation duration was significantly lower (median difference: - 1 day; 95%CI -1 - 0; p < 0.001), especially for patients who were mechanically ventilated for a longer time (50(th) percentile difference: -0.78; 95%CI -1.51 - -0.05; p = 0.036; 75(th) percentile difference: -2.23; 95%CI -3.47 - -0.98; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A pain management protocol could reduce the intensive care unit consumption of fentanyl. This strategy was associated with a shorter mechanical ventilation duration.