Cargando…

A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates

Serotonin is important in vertebrates for its crucial roles in regulation of various physiological functions. Investigations on how the biosynthesizing enzymes mediate serotonin production and conversion during biological processes have been active in the past decades. However, a clear-cut picture o...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Lv, Yunyun, Li, Yanping, Li, Jia, Bian, Chao, Qin, Chuanjie, Shi, Qiong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7010912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00011
_version_ 1783495965494214656
author Lv, Yunyun
Li, Yanping
Li, Jia
Bian, Chao
Qin, Chuanjie
Shi, Qiong
author_facet Lv, Yunyun
Li, Yanping
Li, Jia
Bian, Chao
Qin, Chuanjie
Shi, Qiong
author_sort Lv, Yunyun
collection PubMed
description Serotonin is important in vertebrates for its crucial roles in regulation of various physiological functions. Investigations on how the biosynthesizing enzymes mediate serotonin production and conversion during biological processes have been active in the past decades. However, a clear-cut picture of these enzymes in molecular evolution is very limited, particularly when the complexity is imaginable in fishes since teleosts had experienced additional whole genome duplication (WGD) event(s) than tetrapods. Since serotonin is the main intermediate product during melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan, we therefore summarize an overview of recent discoveries about molecular evolution of the four melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes, especially the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) for serotonin production and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) for serotonin conversion in vertebrates. Novel copies of these genes, possibly due to WGD, were discovered in fishes. Detailed sequence comparisons revealed various variant sites in these newly identified genes, suggesting functional changes from the conventional recognition of these enzymes. These interesting advances will benefit readers to obtain new insights into related genomic differences between mammals and fishes, with an emphasis on the potential specificity for AANAT in naturally cave-restricted and deep-sea fishes.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7010912
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-70109122020-02-28 A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates Lv, Yunyun Li, Yanping Li, Jia Bian, Chao Qin, Chuanjie Shi, Qiong Front Mol Biosci Molecular Biosciences Serotonin is important in vertebrates for its crucial roles in regulation of various physiological functions. Investigations on how the biosynthesizing enzymes mediate serotonin production and conversion during biological processes have been active in the past decades. However, a clear-cut picture of these enzymes in molecular evolution is very limited, particularly when the complexity is imaginable in fishes since teleosts had experienced additional whole genome duplication (WGD) event(s) than tetrapods. Since serotonin is the main intermediate product during melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan, we therefore summarize an overview of recent discoveries about molecular evolution of the four melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes, especially the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) for serotonin production and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) for serotonin conversion in vertebrates. Novel copies of these genes, possibly due to WGD, were discovered in fishes. Detailed sequence comparisons revealed various variant sites in these newly identified genes, suggesting functional changes from the conventional recognition of these enzymes. These interesting advances will benefit readers to obtain new insights into related genomic differences between mammals and fishes, with an emphasis on the potential specificity for AANAT in naturally cave-restricted and deep-sea fishes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7010912/ /pubmed/32118037 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00011 Text en Copyright © 2020 Lv, Li, Li, Bian, Qin and Shi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Molecular Biosciences
Lv, Yunyun
Li, Yanping
Li, Jia
Bian, Chao
Qin, Chuanjie
Shi, Qiong
A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title_full A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title_fullStr A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title_short A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates
title_sort comparative genomics study on the molecular evolution of serotonin/melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes in vertebrates
topic Molecular Biosciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7010912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32118037
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2020.00011
work_keys_str_mv AT lvyunyun acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT liyanping acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT lijia acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT bianchao acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT qinchuanjie acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT shiqiong acomparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT lvyunyun comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT liyanping comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT lijia comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT bianchao comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT qinchuanjie comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates
AT shiqiong comparativegenomicsstudyonthemolecularevolutionofserotoninmelatoninbiosynthesizingenzymesinvertebrates