Comparison of cytokine and gene activities in tissue and blood samples of patients with celiac disease

AIM: The aim of this study is to explore the expression of genes associated to celiac disease (CD) in the target tissue and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) or serum to introduce possible potential biomarkers. BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease induced by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. Despite technological progress, small intestine biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis of CD. METHODS: CD data were collected from public databases (proteomics and microarray-based techniques documents). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PBMC or serum as well as small intestinal biopsies from celiac patients compared to normal were collected and analyzed to introduce common individuals. Gene ontology was done to identify the involved biological terms. RESULTS: Among 598 CD genes in biopsies and 260 genes in PBMC or serum, 32 common genes with a similar expression pattern in both sources were identified. A total of 48 biological terms were introduced which were involved in the CD via the determined DEGs. “Cytokine activity” was the most expanded one of the biological terms. CONCLUSION: In this analysis, it was concluded that 32 potential biomarkers of CD can be assessed by complementary research to introduce effective and available biomarkers in biopsy and blood.