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An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle †
When an ultrasonic sensor generates an ultrasonic wave and detects an obstacle from a reflected wave, a signal transmitted by other ultrasonic sensors would be interference. In this paper, to overcome the interference, a transducer transmits a signal with a unique ID modulated. The interference is i...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31940790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020414 |
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author | Yi, Donghee Jin, Heetae Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Suk Chan |
author_facet | Yi, Donghee Jin, Heetae Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Suk Chan |
author_sort | Yi, Donghee |
collection | PubMed |
description | When an ultrasonic sensor generates an ultrasonic wave and detects an obstacle from a reflected wave, a signal transmitted by other ultrasonic sensors would be interference. In this paper, to overcome the interference, a transducer transmits a signal with a unique ID modulated. The interference is ignored by verifying that the reflected signal includes its ID. The ID verification process uses a correlation between the received signal and the ID. Therefore, the ID is selected from orthogonal codes with good cross-correlation. Long code has the advantage of being more robust to interference. However, the reflected wave from nearby obstacles might return before the transmission ends. Therefore, the 7-bit Barker code is applied for near obstacle detection and a 31-bit Gold code is used for distant obstacle detection. The modulation technique is DQPSK, which is available in a narrow bandwidth and has a simple receiver structure. In ID recognition based on correlation, a near–far problem occurs due to a large amplitude difference between the received wave and interference. The addition of a zero-crossing detector solves this problem. The hardware is implemented based on the algorithm proposed in this paper. The simulation showed a detection rate of at least 90% and the the result of the real measurement represented a detection rate of 97.3% at 0.5 m and 94.5% at 2 m. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7013867 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70138672020-03-09 An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † Yi, Donghee Jin, Heetae Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Suk Chan Sensors (Basel) Article When an ultrasonic sensor generates an ultrasonic wave and detects an obstacle from a reflected wave, a signal transmitted by other ultrasonic sensors would be interference. In this paper, to overcome the interference, a transducer transmits a signal with a unique ID modulated. The interference is ignored by verifying that the reflected signal includes its ID. The ID verification process uses a correlation between the received signal and the ID. Therefore, the ID is selected from orthogonal codes with good cross-correlation. Long code has the advantage of being more robust to interference. However, the reflected wave from nearby obstacles might return before the transmission ends. Therefore, the 7-bit Barker code is applied for near obstacle detection and a 31-bit Gold code is used for distant obstacle detection. The modulation technique is DQPSK, which is available in a narrow bandwidth and has a simple receiver structure. In ID recognition based on correlation, a near–far problem occurs due to a large amplitude difference between the received wave and interference. The addition of a zero-crossing detector solves this problem. The hardware is implemented based on the algorithm proposed in this paper. The simulation showed a detection rate of at least 90% and the the result of the real measurement represented a detection rate of 97.3% at 0.5 m and 94.5% at 2 m. MDPI 2020-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7013867/ /pubmed/31940790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020414 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yi, Donghee Jin, Heetae Kim, Moon Chan Kim, Suk Chan An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title | An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title_full | An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title_fullStr | An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title_full_unstemmed | An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title_short | An Ultrasonic Object Detection Applying the ID Based on Spread Spectrum Technique for a Vehicle † |
title_sort | ultrasonic object detection applying the id based on spread spectrum technique for a vehicle † |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013867/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31940790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020414 |
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