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Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects

Chondral knee defects have a limited ability to be repaired. Current surgical interventions have been unable to regenerate articular cartilage with the mechanical properties of native hyaline cartilage. The use of a scaffold-based approach is a potential solution. Scaffolds are often implanted with...

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Autores principales: Kwan, Haowen, Chisari, Emanuele, Khan, Wasim S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020306
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author Kwan, Haowen
Chisari, Emanuele
Khan, Wasim S.
author_facet Kwan, Haowen
Chisari, Emanuele
Khan, Wasim S.
author_sort Kwan, Haowen
collection PubMed
description Chondral knee defects have a limited ability to be repaired. Current surgical interventions have been unable to regenerate articular cartilage with the mechanical properties of native hyaline cartilage. The use of a scaffold-based approach is a potential solution. Scaffolds are often implanted with cells to stimulate cartilage regeneration, but cell-based therapies are associated with additional regulatory restrictions, an additional surgical procedure for cell harvest, time for cell expansion, and the associated costs. To overcome these disadvantages, cell-free scaffolds can be used in isolation allowing native cells to attach over time. This review discusses the optimal properties of scaffolds used for chondral defects, and the evidence for the use of hydrogel scaffolds and hydrogel–synthetic polymer hybrid scaffolds. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that cell-free scaffolds can support articular cartilage regeneration and have the potential to treat chondral defects. However, there are very few studies in this area and, despite the many biomaterials tested in cell-based scaffolds, most cell-free studies focused on a specific type I collagen scaffold. Future studies on cell-free scaffolds should adopt the modifications made to cell-based scaffolds and replicate them in the clinical setting. More studies are also needed to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-free scaffolds.
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spelling pubmed-70141362020-03-09 Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects Kwan, Haowen Chisari, Emanuele Khan, Wasim S. Materials (Basel) Review Chondral knee defects have a limited ability to be repaired. Current surgical interventions have been unable to regenerate articular cartilage with the mechanical properties of native hyaline cartilage. The use of a scaffold-based approach is a potential solution. Scaffolds are often implanted with cells to stimulate cartilage regeneration, but cell-based therapies are associated with additional regulatory restrictions, an additional surgical procedure for cell harvest, time for cell expansion, and the associated costs. To overcome these disadvantages, cell-free scaffolds can be used in isolation allowing native cells to attach over time. This review discusses the optimal properties of scaffolds used for chondral defects, and the evidence for the use of hydrogel scaffolds and hydrogel–synthetic polymer hybrid scaffolds. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that cell-free scaffolds can support articular cartilage regeneration and have the potential to treat chondral defects. However, there are very few studies in this area and, despite the many biomaterials tested in cell-based scaffolds, most cell-free studies focused on a specific type I collagen scaffold. Future studies on cell-free scaffolds should adopt the modifications made to cell-based scaffolds and replicate them in the clinical setting. More studies are also needed to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-free scaffolds. MDPI 2020-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7014136/ /pubmed/31936591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020306 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kwan, Haowen
Chisari, Emanuele
Khan, Wasim S.
Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title_full Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title_fullStr Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title_full_unstemmed Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title_short Cell-Free Scaffolds as a Monotherapy for Focal Chondral Knee Defects
title_sort cell-free scaffolds as a monotherapy for focal chondral knee defects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020306
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