Immunological Memory of Psoriatic Lesions

The natural course of psoriasis is the appearance of new lesions in the place of previous ones, which disappeared after a successful therapy. Recent studies of psoriasis etiopathogenesis showed that after psoriatic plaques have disappeared, in healthy skin we can still find a trace of inflammation in the form of tissue resident memory cells (TRM). They are originally responsible for protection against viral and bacterial infections in non-lymphatic tissues. In psoriatic inflammation, they are characterized by heterogeneity depending on their origin. CD8+ T cells TRM are abundantly present in psoriatic epidermis, while CD4+ TRM preferentially populate the dermis. In psoriasis, epidermal CD8+ TRM cells express CLA, CCR6, CD103 and IL-23R antigen and produce IL-17A during ex vivo stimulation. However, CD4+ CD103+ TRM can also colonize the epidermis and produce IL-22 during stimulation. Besides T cells, Th22 and epidermal DCs proved that epidermal cells in healed skin were still present and functioning after several years of disease remission. It explains the clinical phenomenon of the tendency of psoriatic lesions to relapse in the same location and it allows to develop new therapeutic strategies in the future.