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Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years

It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Xi, Hui, Jiang, Hu, An, Jiachun, Wang, Zemin, Xu, Xueyong, Yan, Houxuan, Feng, Can
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020540
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author Xi, Hui
Jiang, Hu
An, Jiachun
Wang, Zemin
Xu, Xueyong
Yan, Houxuan
Feng, Can
author_facet Xi, Hui
Jiang, Hu
An, Jiachun
Wang, Zemin
Xu, Xueyong
Yan, Houxuan
Feng, Can
author_sort Xi, Hui
collection PubMed
description It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation, the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA) as well as geomagnetic storms. In this paper, four different models are utilized to map the ionospheric TEC over the Arctic and Antarctic for about one solar cycle: the polynomial (POLY) model, the generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, the spherical harmonic (SH) model, and the spherical cap harmonic (SCH) model. Compared to other models, the SCH model has the best performance with ±0.8 TECU of residual mean value and 1.5–3.5 TECU of root mean square error. The spatiotemporal distributions and variations of the polar ionospheric TEC are investigated and compared under different ionosphere conditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. The results show that the solar activity significantly affects the TEC variations. During polar days, the ionospheric TEC is more active than it is during polar nights. In polar days over the Antarctic, the maximum value of TEC always appears at night in the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea area affected by the WSA. In the same year, the ionospheric TEC of the Antarctic has a larger amplitude of annual variation than that of the TEC in the Arctic. In addition, the evolution of the ionization patch during a geomagnetic storm over the Antarctic can be clearly tracked employing the SCH model, which appears to be adequate for mapping the polar TEC, and provides a sound basis for further automatic identification of ionization patches.
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spelling pubmed-70145202020-03-09 Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years Xi, Hui Jiang, Hu An, Jiachun Wang, Zemin Xu, Xueyong Yan, Houxuan Feng, Can Sensors (Basel) Article It is of great significance for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service to detect the polar ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and its variations, particularly under disturbed ionosphere conditions, including different phases of solar activity, the polar day and night alternation, the Weddell Sea anomaly (WSA) as well as geomagnetic storms. In this paper, four different models are utilized to map the ionospheric TEC over the Arctic and Antarctic for about one solar cycle: the polynomial (POLY) model, the generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, the spherical harmonic (SH) model, and the spherical cap harmonic (SCH) model. Compared to other models, the SCH model has the best performance with ±0.8 TECU of residual mean value and 1.5–3.5 TECU of root mean square error. The spatiotemporal distributions and variations of the polar ionospheric TEC are investigated and compared under different ionosphere conditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. The results show that the solar activity significantly affects the TEC variations. During polar days, the ionospheric TEC is more active than it is during polar nights. In polar days over the Antarctic, the maximum value of TEC always appears at night in the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea area affected by the WSA. In the same year, the ionospheric TEC of the Antarctic has a larger amplitude of annual variation than that of the TEC in the Arctic. In addition, the evolution of the ionization patch during a geomagnetic storm over the Antarctic can be clearly tracked employing the SCH model, which appears to be adequate for mapping the polar TEC, and provides a sound basis for further automatic identification of ionization patches. MDPI 2020-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7014520/ /pubmed/31963786 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020540 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Xi, Hui
Jiang, Hu
An, Jiachun
Wang, Zemin
Xu, Xueyong
Yan, Houxuan
Feng, Can
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title_full Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title_fullStr Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title_full_unstemmed Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title_short Spatial and Temporal Variations of Polar Ionospheric Total Electron Content over Nearly Thirteen Years
title_sort spatial and temporal variations of polar ionospheric total electron content over nearly thirteen years
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7014520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31963786
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020540
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