Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin vs heparin in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBMdisc, and VIP database were searched. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) was selected and the meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.1. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major bleeding. Secondary efficacy endpoints were myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stent thrombosis (ST), stock, mortality, and thrombocytopenia. The pooled risk ratios (RRs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin vs heparin. RESULTS: Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria, and 16,640 patients were included. We found that bivalirudin associated with lower risk of mortality (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.74–1.49; P = .03; I(2) = 2%), major bleeding (RR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.54–0.75; P < .00001; I(2) = 70%) and thrombocytopenia (RR = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.25–0.61; P < .0001; I(2) = 0) compared with heparin. However, the use of bivalirudin increase the risk of MI(RR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.10–1.71; P = .004; I(2) = 25%) and ST(RR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.05–2.47; P = .03; I(2) = 70%) and has similar risk of MACE (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.90–1.11; P = .97; I(2) = 16%), TVR (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.92–2.22; P = .11; I(2) = 46%) and stock (RR = 1.43; 95% CI = 0.92–2.22; P = .11; I(2) = 46%) compared with heparin used in STEMI patients. CONCLUSION: Bivalirudin associated with lower risk of mortality, major bleeding and thrombocytopenia compared with heparin. However, the use of bivalirudin increase the risk of MI and ST and has similar risk of MACE, TVR and stock compared with heparin used in STEMI patients.