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Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system, support the natural regeneration of the olfactory nerve that occurs throughout life. OECs thus exhibit unique properties supporting neuronal survival and growth. Transplantation of OECs is emerging as a prom...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31726863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719883823 |
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author | Reshamwala, Ronak Shah, Megha St John, James Ekberg, Jenny |
author_facet | Reshamwala, Ronak Shah, Megha St John, James Ekberg, Jenny |
author_sort | Reshamwala, Ronak |
collection | PubMed |
description | Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system, support the natural regeneration of the olfactory nerve that occurs throughout life. OECs thus exhibit unique properties supporting neuronal survival and growth. Transplantation of OECs is emerging as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury; however, outcomes in both animals and humans are variable and the method needs improvement and standardization. A major reason for the discrepancy in functional outcomes is the variability in survival and integration of the transplanted cells, key factors for successful spinal cord regeneration. Here, we review the outcomes of OEC transplantation in rodent models over the last 10 years, with a focus on survival and integration of the transplanted cells. We identify the key factors influencing OEC survival: injury type, source of transplanted cells, co-transplantation with other cell types, number and concentration of cells, method of delivery, and time of transplantation after the injury. We found that two key issues are hampering optimization and standardization of OEC transplantation: lack of (1) reliable methods for identifying transplanted cells, and (2) three-dimensional systems for OEC delivery. To develop OEC transplantation as a successful and standardized therapy for spinal cord injury, we must address these issues and increase our understanding of the complex parameters influencing OEC survival. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7016467 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-70164672020-02-27 Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies Reshamwala, Ronak Shah, Megha St John, James Ekberg, Jenny Cell Transplant Reviews Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), the glial cells of the primary olfactory nervous system, support the natural regeneration of the olfactory nerve that occurs throughout life. OECs thus exhibit unique properties supporting neuronal survival and growth. Transplantation of OECs is emerging as a promising treatment for spinal cord injury; however, outcomes in both animals and humans are variable and the method needs improvement and standardization. A major reason for the discrepancy in functional outcomes is the variability in survival and integration of the transplanted cells, key factors for successful spinal cord regeneration. Here, we review the outcomes of OEC transplantation in rodent models over the last 10 years, with a focus on survival and integration of the transplanted cells. We identify the key factors influencing OEC survival: injury type, source of transplanted cells, co-transplantation with other cell types, number and concentration of cells, method of delivery, and time of transplantation after the injury. We found that two key issues are hampering optimization and standardization of OEC transplantation: lack of (1) reliable methods for identifying transplanted cells, and (2) three-dimensional systems for OEC delivery. To develop OEC transplantation as a successful and standardized therapy for spinal cord injury, we must address these issues and increase our understanding of the complex parameters influencing OEC survival. SAGE Publications 2019-11-15 2019-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7016467/ /pubmed/31726863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719883823 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
spellingShingle | Reviews Reshamwala, Ronak Shah, Megha St John, James Ekberg, Jenny Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title | Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title_full | Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title_fullStr | Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title_short | Survival and Integration of Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells are Crucial for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: Insights from the Last 10 Years of Animal Model Studies |
title_sort | survival and integration of transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells are crucial for spinal cord injury repair: insights from the last 10 years of animal model studies |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016467/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31726863 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689719883823 |
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