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Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study

The core objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective properties of deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus on the apoptosis of the hippocampus. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus is a prime target for Parkinson′s disease and is a crucial component in a f...

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Autores principales: Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan, Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun, Chen, Shih-Ching, Lai, Chien-Hung, Yang, Ling-Yu, Chin, Hung-Yen, Peng, Chih-Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906559
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010025
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author Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan
Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun
Chen, Shih-Ching
Lai, Chien-Hung
Yang, Ling-Yu
Chin, Hung-Yen
Peng, Chih-Wei
author_facet Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan
Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun
Chen, Shih-Ching
Lai, Chien-Hung
Yang, Ling-Yu
Chin, Hung-Yen
Peng, Chih-Wei
author_sort Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan
collection PubMed
description The core objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective properties of deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus on the apoptosis of the hippocampus. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus is a prime target for Parkinson′s disease and is a crucial component in a feedback loop connected with the hippocampus. Deep brain stimulation was employed as a potential tool to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of hippocampal apoptosis. Deep brain stimulation was applied to the experimental animals for an hour. Henceforth, the activity of Caspase-3, myelin basic protein, Bcl-2, BAX level, lipid peroxidation, interleukin-6 levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were evaluated at hours 1, 3 and 6 and compared with the sham group of animals. Herein, decreased levels of caspases activity and elevated levels of Bcl-2 expressions and inhibited BAX expressions were observed in experimental animals at the aforementioned time intervals. Furthermore, the ratio of Bcl-2/BAX was increased, and interleukin -6, lipid peroxidation levels were not affected by deep brain stimulation in the experimental animals. These affirmative results have explained the neuroprotection rendered by hippocampus apoptosis as a result of deep brain stimulation. Deep brain stimulation is widely used to manage neuro-motor disorders. Nevertheless, this novel study will be a revelation for a better understanding of neuromodulatory management and encourage further research with new dimensions in the field of neuroscience.
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spelling pubmed-70166882020-02-28 Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun Chen, Shih-Ching Lai, Chien-Hung Yang, Ling-Yu Chin, Hung-Yen Peng, Chih-Wei Brain Sci Article The core objective of this study was to determine the neuroprotective properties of deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus on the apoptosis of the hippocampus. The pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus is a prime target for Parkinson′s disease and is a crucial component in a feedback loop connected with the hippocampus. Deep brain stimulation was employed as a potential tool to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of hippocampal apoptosis. Deep brain stimulation was applied to the experimental animals for an hour. Henceforth, the activity of Caspase-3, myelin basic protein, Bcl-2, BAX level, lipid peroxidation, interleukin-6 levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were evaluated at hours 1, 3 and 6 and compared with the sham group of animals. Herein, decreased levels of caspases activity and elevated levels of Bcl-2 expressions and inhibited BAX expressions were observed in experimental animals at the aforementioned time intervals. Furthermore, the ratio of Bcl-2/BAX was increased, and interleukin -6, lipid peroxidation levels were not affected by deep brain stimulation in the experimental animals. These affirmative results have explained the neuroprotection rendered by hippocampus apoptosis as a result of deep brain stimulation. Deep brain stimulation is widely used to manage neuro-motor disorders. Nevertheless, this novel study will be a revelation for a better understanding of neuromodulatory management and encourage further research with new dimensions in the field of neuroscience. MDPI 2020-01-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7016688/ /pubmed/31906559 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010025 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Praveen Rajneesh, Chellappan
Hsieh, Tsung-Hsun
Chen, Shih-Ching
Lai, Chien-Hung
Yang, Ling-Yu
Chin, Hung-Yen
Peng, Chih-Wei
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title_full Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title_fullStr Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title_full_unstemmed Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title_short Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus Renders Neuroprotection through the Suppression of Hippocampal Apoptosis: An Experimental Animal Study
title_sort deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus renders neuroprotection through the suppression of hippocampal apoptosis: an experimental animal study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016688/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31906559
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010025
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