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Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

Malignant gliomas are one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer and despite advancements in treatment, patient prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of 15 months. Treatment using conventional chemotherapy does not deliver the required drug dose to the tumour site, owing to insufficient b...

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Autores principales: Mahmoud, Basant Salah, AlAmri, Ali Hamod, McConville, Christopher
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936740
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010175
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author Mahmoud, Basant Salah
AlAmri, Ali Hamod
McConville, Christopher
author_facet Mahmoud, Basant Salah
AlAmri, Ali Hamod
McConville, Christopher
author_sort Mahmoud, Basant Salah
collection PubMed
description Malignant gliomas are one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer and despite advancements in treatment, patient prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of 15 months. Treatment using conventional chemotherapy does not deliver the required drug dose to the tumour site, owing to insufficient blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, especially by hydrophilic drugs. Additionally, low molecular weight drugs cannot achieve specific accumulation in cancerous tissues and are characterized by a short circulation half-life. Nanoparticles can be designed to cross the BBB and deliver their drugs within the brain, thus improving their effectiveness for treatment when compared to administration of the free drug. The efficacy of nanoparticles can be enhanced by surface PEGylation to allow more specificity towards tumour receptors. This review will provide an overview of the different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas, risk factors entailing them as well as the latest developments for brain drug delivery. It will also address the potential of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of malignant gliomas, including the importance of their coating and functionalization on their ability to cross the BBB and the chemistry underlying that.
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spelling pubmed-70172352020-02-28 Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas Mahmoud, Basant Salah AlAmri, Ali Hamod McConville, Christopher Cancers (Basel) Review Malignant gliomas are one of the deadliest forms of brain cancer and despite advancements in treatment, patient prognosis remains poor, with an average survival of 15 months. Treatment using conventional chemotherapy does not deliver the required drug dose to the tumour site, owing to insufficient blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration, especially by hydrophilic drugs. Additionally, low molecular weight drugs cannot achieve specific accumulation in cancerous tissues and are characterized by a short circulation half-life. Nanoparticles can be designed to cross the BBB and deliver their drugs within the brain, thus improving their effectiveness for treatment when compared to administration of the free drug. The efficacy of nanoparticles can be enhanced by surface PEGylation to allow more specificity towards tumour receptors. This review will provide an overview of the different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of malignant gliomas, risk factors entailing them as well as the latest developments for brain drug delivery. It will also address the potential of polymeric nanoparticles in the treatment of malignant gliomas, including the importance of their coating and functionalization on their ability to cross the BBB and the chemistry underlying that. MDPI 2020-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7017235/ /pubmed/31936740 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010175 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mahmoud, Basant Salah
AlAmri, Ali Hamod
McConville, Christopher
Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title_full Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title_fullStr Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title_full_unstemmed Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title_short Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas
title_sort polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of malignant gliomas
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7017235/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936740
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12010175
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