Glucose Uptake Stimulatory and PTP1B Inhibitory Activities of Pimarane Diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth

Seven pimarane diterpenes (1–7) were isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. by assay-guided isolation. All of the isolates possessed a 2-deoxy-2-((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino)-d-glucose uptake effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Most of them showed potent inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC(50) values ranging from 0.33 to 9.84 μM. In the kinetic study, all inhibition types were exposed for the examined potencies, including mixed-competitive (1), non-competitives (3 and 5), competitive (6), and uncompetitive (7). The results suggested that O. stamineus and its pimarane diterpenes might exert the hypoglycemic effect via the insulin signaling pathway targeting inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.